Fig. 3. Cigarette smoke induced activation of parthanatos occurs at higher smoke exposures.

Nuclear translocation of AIF (a) and EndoG (b) in HBE cultures three hours after exposure to 4, 8 or 12 cigarettes was determined by western blot analysis (n = 4–6). Data are normalized to β-actin for protein loading and presented as fold change, where the normalized quantity of each protein for each subcellular fraction in smoke exposed cultures is divided by the quantity of the identical protein in the same subcellular fraction in the air exposed cultures originating from the same donor; mean + SEM, *p ≤ 0.05