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. 2019 Aug 5;9:11312. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47841-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Light-induced ROS formation indicated through triiodide production followed by absorption spectrometry. (a) A typical series of absorption spectra of MPCl + liposome sample during the photoreaction with increasing optical density (OD) due to increasing irradiation time (0–5 min). (b) Difference of the two respective absorption spectrum, namely the actual minus the initial one. Gray part marks the averaging range for Fig. 3, arrow shows the increasing irradiation time (1–5 min; irradiance: 500 klux).