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. 2019 Jun 26;11(7):1441. doi: 10.3390/nu11071441

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Figure 1

Plasma concentrations of the identified metabolites after consuming a conventional soluble cocoa product (CC) and a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product (CC-PP) containing 19.80 and 68.25 mg of flavanols, respectively. (a) Epicatechin-3′-glucuronide; (b) epicatechin-3′-sulfate; (c) epicatechin-methoxy-sulfate (isomer 1); (d) epicatechin-methoxy-sulfate (isomer 2); (e) 5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (DHPVL); (f) 5-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3′-glucuronide (HPVL-3′-glucuronide); (g) 5-(hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-sulfate (HPVL-sulfate); (h) 5-phenyl-γ-valerolactone-methoxy-glucuronide (PVL-methoxy-glucuronide); (i) 5-phenyl-γ-valerolactone-3′-sulfate (PVL-3′-sulfate) and (j) 4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyphenyl)valeric acid-sulfate (HHPVA-sulfate). Results represent concentration (µM) as mean ± standard deviation (n = 13). The lower part of the error bars is not displayed for the sake of clarity.