Table 2.
Risk of overweight/obesity (HR and 95% CI) 1 according to quintiles (Q) of different provegetarian food patterns (FP).
| Provegetarian FP | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p-Trend | z-Continuous 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases/Person-years | 622/29,366 | 494/24,015 | 358/17,697 | 429/20,395 | 417/21,740 | 2320/113,213 | |
| Age-and sex-adjusted | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.86 to 1.10) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.06) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.06) | 0.77 (0.68 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.83 (0.77 to 0.90) |
| Repeated measures | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.05) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.07) | 0.76 (0.67 to 0.86) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.75 to 0.88) |
| Multivariable-adjusted 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.83 to 1.09) | 0.93 (0. 82 to1.06) | 0.85 (0.75 to 0.96) | 0.014 | 0.89 (0.82 to 0.97) |
| Repeated measures | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.11) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.08) | 0.94 (0. 83 to1.06) | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.95) | 0.005 | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.95) |
| Healthful Provegetarian FP | |||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 490/24,576 | 52 8/24,878 |
413/19,903 | 516/25,293 | 373/18,563 | 2320/113,213 | |
| Age-and sex-adjusted | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.12) | 0.95 (0.84 to 1.09) | 0.89 (0.79 to 1.01) | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.93) | 0.001 | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.94) |
| Repeated measures | 1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.12) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.07) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) | 0.80 (0.70 to 0.92) | 0.001 | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.94) |
| Multivariable-adjusted 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.12) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) | 0.87 (0.76 to 0.99) | 0.78 (0.67 to 0.90) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) |
| Repeated measures | 1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.11) | 0.85 (0.74 to 0.97) | 0.89 (0.78 to 1.01) | 0.76 (0.66 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.92) |
| Unhealthful Provegetarian FP | |||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 544/23,243 | 516/24,135 | 514/25,004 | 388/20,549 | 358/20,282 | 2320/113,213 | |
| Age-and sex-adjusted | 1 (ref) | 0.94 (0.83 to 1.06) | 0.93 (0.82 to 1.05) | 0.88 (0.77 to 1.00) | 0.84 (0.73 to 0.96) | 0.006 | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96) |
| Repeated measures | 1 (ref) | 0.95 (0.85 to 1.08) | 0.92 (0.81 to 1.04) | 0.87 (0.76 to 0.99) | 0.86 (0.75 to 0.99) | 0.012 | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96) |
| Multivariable-adjusted 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.17) | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.18) | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) | 1.07 (0.92 to 1.23) | 0.551 | 1.00 (0.91 to 1.10) |
| Repeated measures | 1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.17) | 1.03 (0.91 to 1.16) | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.13) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) | 0.416 | 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10) |
Age was used as the underlying time variable in all the models. All the models were stratified by age groups (10-year periods) and year of recruitment (4-year periods). 1 Additionally adjusted for baseline body mass index (BMI, kg/m2, continuous), physical activity (metabolic equivalents (METs)-h/week, quartiles), hours of TV watching (quartiles), smoking status (current, never, former), marital status (single, married, other), years of university education (years, continuous), total energy intake (kcal/day, continuous), snacking between meals (yes, no), following a special diet at baseline (yes, no), parental family history of obesity (yes, no), hours of siesta (0, >0 to ≤0.5, >0.5). Robust standard errors were used. 2 Standardized z-scores divided by 2 (i.e., HR and 95% CI for each additional 2 z-score units).