Table 2.
Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L) and associated demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric factors in 6–9-year-old children in rural areas of Vietnam.
| Total (N) | Anaemia (N) | Prevalence, % (95% CI) | Univariate Analysis a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-Value | Global P-Value b | |||||
| All children | 893 | 138 | 12.9 (8.1, 19.9) | ||||
| Sex | Girls (reference) | 450 | 66 | 12.4 (7.5, 19.8) | 1 | ||
| Boys | 443 | 72 | 13.3 (8.2, 21.1) | 1.09 (0.75, 1.58) | 0.664 | ||
| Age (months) | 69 to <81 (reference) | 303 | 54 | 15.4 (9.3, 24.5) | 1 | 0.158 | |
| 81 to <92 | 294 | 45 | 12.9 (7.6, 21.0) | 0.81 (0.52, 1.27) | 0.366 | ||
| 92 to ≤108 | 296 | 39 | 10.4 (5.9, 17.5) | 0.64 (0.40, 1.00) | 0.055 | ||
| Maternal employment status | Self-employed (reference) | 117 | 15 | 11.2 (5.4, 21.7) | 1 | 0.676 | |
| Full time employment | 424 | 67 | 11.8 (6.6, 20.0) | 1.06 (0.57, 1.99) | 0.853 | ||
| Farmer | 75 | 13 | 12.2 (5.6, 24.5) | 1.11 (0.47, 2.58) | 0.815 | ||
| Unemployed | 57 | 11 | 17.2 (8.0, 33.2) | 1.65 (0.68, 4.02) | 0.268 | ||
| Maternal education | Above high school (reference) | 178 | 26 | 13.8 (7.8, 23.2) | 1 | 0.559 | |
| High school | 229 | 33 | 11.1 (6.0, 19.5) | 0.98 (0.54, 1.76) | 0.939 | ||
| Below high school | 271 | 47 | 11.3 (6.0, 20.3) | 1.26 (0.72, 2.20) | 0.425 | ||
| Monthly household income (million VND) |
<6 (reference) | 199 | 31 | 13.0 (7.1, 22.5) | 1 | 0.538 | |
| 6 to <10 | 209 | 28 | 10.4 (5.5, 18.6) | 0.78 (0.44, 1.37) | 0.383 | ||
| ≥10 | 232 | 39 | 13.4 (7.5, 22.8) | 1.04 (0.61, 1.77) | 0.893 | ||
| Stunting c | Not stunted (reference) | 841 | 125 | 12.3 (7.7, 19.2) | 1 | ||
| Stunted | 47 | 13 | 24.5 (12.6, 42.4) | 2.31 (1.15, 4.61) | 0.018 | ||
| Underweight d | Not underweight (reference) | 812 | 117 | 12.0 (7.5, 18.6) | 1 | ||
| Underweight | 78 | 21 | 23.6 (13.2, 38.4) | 2.27 (1.30, 3.97) | 0.004 | ||
| Wasting e | Not wasted (reference) | 833 | 122 | 12.1 (7.5, 18.8) | 1 | ||
| Wasted | 55 | 16 | 26.0 (14.0, 43.1) | 2.55 (1.35, 4.84) | 0.004 | ||
| Overweight/ Obesity f |
Not overweight/obese (reference) | 722 | 124 | 14.4 (9.2, 21.7) | 1 | ||
| Overweight/obese | 166 | 14 | 7.9 (4.0,14.8) | 0.51 (0.28, 0.92) | 0.026 | ||
| CIAF g | No anthropometric failure (reference) | 772 | 108 | 11.6 (7.2, 18.1) | 1 | ||
| Anthropometric failure | 118 | 30 | 22.0 (12.9, 34.9) | 2.16 (1.34, 3.48) | 0.002 | ||
a Generalised linear mixed models including the covariate as a fixed effect and school as a random effect; b Overall p-value for the association between the outcome and the covariate; c Defined as height-for-age z-score < −2 [32]; d Defined as weight-for-age z-score < −2 [32]; e Defined as BMI-for-age z-score < −2 [32]; f Defined as BMI-for-age z-score > 1 [32]; g Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure: height-for-age, weight-for-age, and/or BMI-for-age z-score < −2 [33].