Table 1.
Frequencies and proportions of maternal characteristics by antenatal model of care, British Columbia, April 1, 2008-December 31, 2012 (n = 33,937)
| Maternal Characteristics | Antenatal Model of Care | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| MW n = 3397 n(%) | GP n = 25,784 n(%) | OB n = 4756 n(%) | |
| Age (yrs.) | |||
| 14–19 | 117 (3.44) | 2587 (10.03) | 208 (4.37) |
| 20–24 | 644 (18.96) | 8366 (32.45) | 841 (17.68) |
| 25–29 | 1161 (34.18) | 7716 (29.93) | 1371 (28.83) |
| 30–34 | 987 (29.06) | 4559 (17.68) | 1247 (26.22) |
| 35–39 | 415 (12.22) | 2113 (8.20) | 808 (16.99) |
| > 40 | 73 (2.15) | 443 (1.72) | 281 (5.91) |
| Paritya | |||
| Nullipara | 1607 (47.31) | 13,148 (50.99) | 2134 (44.87) |
| Multipara | 1790 (52.69) | 12,636 (49.01) | 2621 (55.11) |
| Medical riskb,c | 11 (0.32) | 263 (1.02) | 90 (1.89) |
| Prior obstetric riskb,d | 87 (2.56) | 999 (3.87) | 280 (5.89) |
| Mental illnessb,e | 1012 (29.79) | 4922 (19.09) | 545 (11.46) |
| Receiving social assistanceb | 239 (7.04) | 3623 (14.05) | 535 (11.25) |
| Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Indexf | |||
| Underweight | 156 (4.59) | 1281 (4.97) | 277 (5.82) |
| Normal | 1854 (54.58) | 9616 (37.29) | 1652 (34.74) |
| Overweight | 511 (15.04) | 3554 (13.78) | 528 (11.10) |
| Obese | 243 (7.15) | 2340 (9.08) | 327 (6.88) |
| Unknown | 633 (18.63) | 8993 (34.88) | 1972 (41.46) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 915 (26.94) | 5189 (20.12) | 1325 (27.86) |
| Former | 548 (16.13) | 3456 (13.40) | 299 (6.29) |
| Current | 336 (9.89) | 5540 (21.49) | 459 (9.65) |
| Unknown | 1598 (47.04) | 11,599 (44.99) | 2673 (56.20) |
| Substance use in pregnancyb,g | 153 (4.50) | 2281 (8.85) | 182 (3.83) |
| Alcohol identified as a riskb | 47 (1.38) | 753 (2.92) | 31 (0.65) |
| Antepartum morbidityb,h | 243 (7.15) | 3863 (14.98) | 1189 (25.00) |
| Delivery year | |||
| 2008 (as of April 1) | 419 (12.33) | 4495 (17.43) | 711 (14.95) |
| 2009 | 606 (17.84) | 5640 (21.87) | 910 (19.13) |
| 2010 | 694 (20.43) | 5371 (20.83) | 1000 (21.03) |
| 2011 | 796 (23.43) | 5337 (20.70) | 1014 (21.32) |
| 2012 | 882 (25.96) | 4941 (19.16) | 1121 (23.57) |
| Neighbourhood SEPi | |||
| High | 450 (13.25) | 2846 (11.04) | 377 (7.93) |
| Low/Medium | 2947 (86.75) | 22,938 (88.96) | 4379 (92.07) |
| LHA Socioeconomic Rankj | |||
| High (Best) | 1858 (54.70) | 7314 (28.37) | 2327 (48.93) |
| Medium | 1118 (32.91) | 12,774 (49.54) | 1897 (39.89) |
| Low | 412 (12.13) | 5641 (21.88) | 487 (10.24) |
| Unknown | 9 (0.26) | 55 (0.21) | 45 (0.95) |
| LHA Income Inequality Rankk | |||
| High (Worst) | 1188 (34.97) | 5776 (22.40) | 2419 (50.86) |
| Medium | 1717 (50.54) | 14,829 (57.51) | 1999 (42.03) |
| Low | 483 (14.22) | 5133 (19.91) | 318 (6.69) |
| Unknown | 9 (0.26) | 46 (0.18) | 20 (0.42) |
| Northern residenceb,l | 92 (2.71) | 3426 (13.29) | 205 (4.31) |
Abbreviations: GP general practitioner, MW midwife, OB obstetrician, SEP socioeconomic position
aMissing cases amount to 5 or less
bValues represent cases classified as “Yes”, the remainder of the cases were classified as “No”, “Unknown”, or were undocumented
cIncluded maternal disease of the respiratory or digestive system, and endocrine, nutritional, or metabolic disease
dIncluded women with at least one of the following conditions in past pregnancy: infant with major congenital anomaly, neonatal death, stillbirth, or one preterm delivery
eIncluded any of the following diagnoses prior to, or during the current pregnancy: anxiety disorder, depression, postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, other/unknown (including schizophrenic, mood, and psychotic disorders)
fClassified according to Health Canada’s guidelines [34]
gHeroin/opioids, cocaine, methadone, solvents, marijuana, or other/unknown drugs used at any time during pregnancy, prescription or other drug use identified as a risk at any time during pregnancy
hIncluded pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes (whether or not insulin dependent), anemia, intrauterine growth restriction, viral disease, infection and parasitic disease, placenta previa without hemorrhage, polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios, antepartum hemorrhage > 20 weeks, sexually transmitted infection or HIV, or premature separation of the placenta
iNeighbourhood income quintiles were classified as low/medium (quintiles 1–4) versus high (quintile 5) [12]
jCalculated by the province of BC’s Statistics Division (BC Stats), based on a range of social determinants of health reflecting area-level economic and social processes, and policy decisions [14]
kCalculated by BC Stats [14]
lAt the time of delivery, normal residence in BC’s Northern Health Authority