Table 1.
Kihon Checklist and differences according to sex
| Men, n (%) | Women, n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| YES | NO | YES | NO | |
| 1. Do you go out by bus or train by yourself? | 336 (80.0) | 84 (20.0) | 389 (80.2) | 96 (19.8) |
| 2. Do you go shopping to buy daily necessities by yourself? | 401 (95.5) | 19 (4.5) | 461 (95.1) | 24 (4.9) |
| 3. Do you manage your own deposits and savings at the bank? * | 375 (89.3) | 45 (10.7) | 453 (93.4) | 32 (6.6) |
| 4. Do you sometimes visit your friends? | 353 (84.0) | 67 (16.0) | 420 (86.6) | 65 (13.4) |
| 5. Do you turn to your family or friends for advice? | 390 (92.9) | 30 (7.1) | 457 (94.2) | 28 (5.8) |
| 6. Do you normally climb stairs without using a handrail or wall for support? * | 331 (78.8) | 89 (21.2) | 315 (64.9) | 170 (35.1) |
| 7. Do you normally stand up from a chair without any aids? * | 385 (91.7) | 35 (8.3) | 406 (83.7) | 79 (16.3) |
| 8. Do you normally walk continuously for 15 min? | 368 (87.6) | 52 (12.4) | 407 (83.9) | 78 (16.1) |
| 9. Have you experienced a fall in the past year? | 74 (17.6) | 346 (82.4) | 93 (19.2) | 392 (80.8) |
| 10. Do you have a fear of falling while walking? * | 99 (23.6) | 321 (76.4) | 211 (43.5) | 274 (56.5) |
| 11. Have you lost 2 kg or more in the past 6 months? | 38 (9.0) | 382 (91.0) | 55 (11.3) | 430 (88.7) |
|
12. Height: cm, weight: kg, BMI: kg/m2 If BMI is less than 18.5, this item is scored. |
23 (5.5) | 397 (94.5) | 35 (7.2) | 450 (92.8) |
| 13. Do you have any difficulties eating tough foods compared to 6 months ago? | 71 (16.9) | 349 (83.1) | 100 (20.6) | 385 (79.4) |
| 14. Have you choked on your tea or soup recently? | 74 (17.6) | 346 (82.4) | 88 (18.1) | 397 (81.9) |
| 15. Do you often experience having a dry mouth? | 96 (22.9) | 324 (77.1) | 100 (20.6) | 385 (79.4) |
| 16. Do you go out at least once a week? * | 404 (96.2) | 16 (3.8) | 441 (90.9) | 44 (9.1) |
| 17. Do you go out less frequently compared to last year? * | 58 (13.8) | 362 (86.2) | 95 (19.6) | 390 (80.4) |
|
18. Do your family or your friends point out your memory loss? e.g., “You ask the same question over and over again.” |
57 (13.6) | 363 (86.4) | 57 (11.8) | 428 (88.2) |
| 19. Do you make a call by looking up phone numbers? | 400 (95.2) | 20 (4.8) | 467 (96.3) | 18 (3.7) |
| 20. Do you find yourself not knowing today’s date? | 73 (17.4) | 347 (82.6) | 92 (19.0) | 393 (81.0) |
| 21. In the last 2 weeks, have you felt a lack of fulfillment in your daily life? | 44 (10.5) | 376 (89.5) | 48 (9.9) | 437 (90.1) |
| 22. In the last 2 weeks, have you felt a lack of joy when doing the things you used to enjoy? | 28 (6.7) | 392 (93.3) | 44 (9.1) | 441 (90.9) |
| 23. In the last 2 weeks, have you felt difficulty in doing what you could do easily before? | 111 (26.4) | 309 (73.6) | 151 (31.1) | 334 (68.9) |
| 24. In the last 2 weeks, have you felt helpless? * | 68 (16.2) | 352 (83.8) | 55 (11.3) | 430 (88.7) |
| 25. In the last 2 weeks, have you felt tired without a reason? | 88 (21.0) | 332 (79.0) | 103 (21.2) | 382 (78.8) |
Values are presented as n (%); bold letter indicates scoring
*p < 0.05, chi-squared test for sex-related differences