Table 3.
Odds ratios for prefrailty and frailty in both men and women
| Prefrailty | Frailty | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3–6 times/week | Less than twice/week | 3–6 times/week | Less than twice/week | |||||
| OR (95%CI) | p-value | OR (95%CI) | p-value | OR (95%CI) | p-value | OR (95%CI) | p-value | |
| Men | ||||||||
| Fish | 1.13 (0.58–2.19) | 0.727 | 0.91 (0.38–2.19) | 0.839 | 0.66 (0.28–1.58) | 0.352 | 1.94 (0.83–4.56) | 0.127 |
| Meat | 2.01 (0.90–4.45) | 0.087 | 2.06 (0.93–4.57) | 0.075 | 1.89 (0.76–4.69) | 0.172 | 2.76 (1.12–6.77) | 0.027* |
| Eggs | 1.63 (0.75–3.55) | 0.221 | 1.61 (0.79–3.28) | 0.189 | 1.15 (0.50–2.62) | 0.744 | 0.89 (0.42–1.90) | 0.772 |
| Dairy products | 0.12 (0.02–0.91) | 0.040* | 0.99 (0.55–1.79) | 0.980 | 1.56 (0.56–4.33) | 0.397 | 1.56 (0.79–3.11) | 0.204 |
| Soybeans products | 0.87 (0.42–1.81) | 0.717 | 0.89 (0.45–1.78) | 0.748 | 1.20 (0.55–2.60) | 0.650 | 1.03 (0.46–2.30) | 0.937 |
| Vegetables | 1.28 (0.62–2.62) | 0.503 | 1.32 (0.58–3.00) | 0.501 | 0.97 (0.41–2.28) | 0.946 | 1.85 (0.77–4.42) | 0.168 |
| Seaweeds | 1.37 (0.64–2.96) | 0.420 | 1.79 (0.88–3.67) | 0.110 | 1.71 (0.72–4.09) | 0.227 | 2.13 (0.94–4.82) | 0.070 |
| Potatoes | 1.78 (0.80–3.94) | 0.155 | 1.68 (0.77–3.67) | 0.191 | 1.67 (0.71–3.96) | 0.243 | 1.59 (0.68–3.72) | 0.284 |
| Fruits | 0.82 (0.38–1.79) | 0.624 | 1.33 (0.69–2.59) | 0.395 | 1.16 (0.50–2.68) | 0.722 | 1.75 (0.81–3.76) | 0.154 |
| Fat or oil | 1.67 (0.69–4.03) | 0.251 | 2.59 (1.14–5.88) | 0.022* | 0.87 (0.36–2.14) | 0.766 | 1.56 (0.69–3.53) | 0.281 |
| Snacks | 0.90 (0.46–1.78) | 0.770 | 0.98 (0.48–2.00) | 0.951 | 0.50 (0.22–1.14) | 0.099 | 1.19 (0.56–2.56) | 0.648 |
| Salty foods | 2.24 (0.53–9.45) | 0.273 | 2.81 (0.81–9.74) | 0.104 | 0.64 (0.20–2.06) | 0.460 | 0.49 (0.19–1.26) | 0.138 |
| Alcohol | 1.70 (0.65–4.47) | 0.282 | 1.54 (0.81–2.93) | 0.185 | 0.87 (0.22–3.41) | 0.843 | 1.58 (0.77–3.23) | 0.211 |
| Women | ||||||||
| Fish | 1.08 (0.62–1.90) | 0.785 | 2.12 (1.11–4.05) | 0.023* | 1.51 (0.73–3.09) | 0.264 | 2.45 (1.02–5.89) | 0.045* |
| Meat | 1.30 (0.70–2.42) | 0.411 | 2.22 (1.18–4.18) | 0.013* | 2.21 (0.93–5.26) | 0.073 | 4.05 (1.67–9.86) | 0.002* |
| Eggs | 1.73 (0.87–3.46) | 0.118 | 1.70 (0.9–3.22) | 0.101 | 0.59 (0.25–1.39) | 0.225 | 0.89 (0.42–1.86) | 0.747 |
| Dairy products | 0.69 (0.32–1.48) | 0.341 | 1.06 (0.62–1.79) | 0.839 | 1.02 (0.38–2.75) | 0.968 | 1.76 (0.88–3.51) | 0.111 |
| Soybean products | 1.39 (0.77–2.53) | 0.274 | 1.63 (0.89–2.98) | 0.114 | 2.03 (0.96–4.27) | 0.062 | 1.59 (0.70–3.64) | 0.270 |
| Vegetables | 1.86 (0.96–3.59) | 0.064 | 2.14 (1.05–4.37) | 0.036* | 3.88 (1.69–8.87) | 0.001* | 5.03 (2.13–11.92) | < 0.001* |
| Seaweeds | 1.39 (0.76–2.53) | 0.290 | 2.17 (1.19–3.95) | 0.011* | 0.73 (0.33–1.62) | 0.443 | 1.46 (0.68–3.11) | 0.328 |
| Potatoes | 1.35 (0.72–2.54) | 0.353 | 1.96 (1.03–3.74) | 0.040* | 1.45 (0.60–3.49) | 0.405 | 3.84 (1.63–9.05) | 0.002* |
| Fruits | 0.97 (0.54–1.76) | 0.926 | 1.44 (0.78–2.66) | 0.243 | 1.54 (0.73–3.23) | 0.258 | 1.31 (0.53–3.21) | 0.560 |
| Fat or oil | 1.17 (0.62–2.23) | 0.629 | 1.82 (1.00–3.3) | 0.050 | 1.30 (0.60–2.83) | 0.503 | 1.00 (0.45–2.22) | 0.991 |
| Snacks | 0.77 (0.41–1.43) | 0.401 | 0.90 (0.51–1.61) | 0.726 | 1.38 (0.61–3.15) | 0.443 | 2.16 (1.02–4.56) | 0.043* |
| Salty foods | 2.13 (0.63–7.22) | 0.224 | 1.31 (0.55–3.12) | 0.538 | 1.02 (0.19–5.34) | 0.982 | 0.91 (0.32–2.54) | 0.850 |
| Alcohol | 0.45 (0.07–2.94) | 0.408 | 0.93 (0.32–2.65) | 0.887 | 1.43 (0.16–12.41) | 0.747 | 1.21 (0.29–5.13) | 0.794 |
OR: Odds ratios, Multinomial regression analyses were adjusted for age, body mass index and family arrangement. *p < 0.05
OR indicate the tendency of participants who consume foods at a frequency of 3–6 times/week and less than twice/week to have prefrailty and frailty compared with those who consume these foods daily