Table 1.

Baseline information of included studies for glioma diagnosis

Reference	Year	Country	Design	Specimens No.	Patients No.	Age, yr		M/F	Test	Prior treatment	Occurrence	Gold Standard
						Meana	Median
Chen et al. [9]	2006	US	Prospective	27	30 (27b)	–	–	–	PET	With or without	7 New+ 20 Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Tripathi et al. [10]	2009	India	Prospective	15	15	28.4 ± 11.1	–	9/6	PET/CT	With (Sx/CT/RT) or without	3 New+ 12 Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Sellam et al. [22]	2010	India	Prospective	30	30	–	–	–	PET/CT	Sx+/−RT	Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Jora et al. [23]	2011	India	Prospective	23	23	43.25 ± 14.9	–	–	PET/CT	15 with (Sx + RT) + 8 without	8 New+ 15 Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Karunanithi et al. [15]	2013	India	Prospective	35	35	36.62 ± 0.86	–	28/7	PET/CT	Sx + RT+/−CT	Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Pafundi et al. [24]	2013	US	Prospective	23	10	40.8 ± 18.9	–	9/1	PET/CT	With or without	8 New+ 2 Recur	Histo
Herrmann et al. [25]	2014	US	Retrospective	110	110	51.7 ± 12.1	52.5	72/38	PET/CT	Sx	Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Moran et al. [26]	2015	Italy	Retrospective	27	27	10	10	15/12	PET	1 with (Sx + CT + RT) + 20 without	20 New+ 1 Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Sharma et al. [27]	2016	India	Prospective	12	11	34	–	6/5	PET/CT	Sx	Recur	Histo+Radio+follow-up
Paquet et al. [28]	2017	France	Prospective	60	35	60	–	–	PET	Sx + CT + RT	Recur	Histo+Radio
Evangelista et al. [29]	2018	Italy	Retrospective	13	13	–	60	–	PET/CT	Unclear	Recur	Radio+follow-up
Youland et al. [30]	2018	US	Prospective	37	13	–	40	9/4	PET	Sx/CT/RT	Recur	Histo
Evangelista et al. [31]	2019	Italy	Retrospective	21	21	58 ± 11	–	–	PET/CT	Sx + CT/RT/immunotherapy	Recur	Radio+follow-up

M male, F female, New newly-diagnosed, Recur recurrent, Histo histopathology, Radio radiology, Sx surgery, CT chemotherapy, RT radiation therapy

^aMean age is expressed as mean ± standard deviation

^bThree patients with brain metastases were excluded