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. 2019 Aug 5;19:139. doi: 10.1186/s12876-019-1053-6

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Representative cases of failure of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder cannulation. (a) The dilated duct looked like a corkscrew duct owing to swollen valves of Heister; a spiraled guidewire in the dilated duct with swollen valves of Heister. (b) Type II cystic duct impacted the stone in the cystic duct take-off. (c) The duct with stenosis; the guidewire passed through the cystic duct but the 5-Fr catheter failed. (d) Subtype S1 cystic duct; the guidewire and the 5-Fr catheter failed to pass through the angled cystic duct