Table 2.
Vascular and blood characteristics. Values are mean ± standard deviation.
| Whole Group | Boys | Girls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Macrovascular | PAI (%) | 49.3 ± 9.9 (n=93) | 48.2 ± 9.6 (n=50) | 50.5 ± 10.2 (n=43) |
| Carotid to ankle PWV (m.s-1) | 5.97 ± 0.46 (n=90) | 5.94 ± 0.46 (n=50) | 6.02 ± 0.47 (n=40) | |
| Carotid to radial PWV (m.s-1) | 6.64 ± 0.74 (n=94) | 6.59 ± 0.66 (n=52) | 6.70 ± 0.83 (n=42) | |
| Microvascular | FMR (V) | 1.78 ± 0.37 (n=96) | 1.78 ± 0.32 (n=53) | 1.79 ± 0.44(n=43) |
| Peak ACh response (V) | 1.96 ± 0.42 (n=93) | 1.97 ± 0.46 (n=51) | 1.95 ± 0.37 (n=42) | |
| ACh AUC (V x time) | 479.6 ± 132.1 (n=92) | 488.5 ± 140.2 (n=50) | 469.1 ± 122.5 (n=42) | |
| Peak SNP response (V) | 1.62 ± 0.49 (n=69) | 1.65 ± 0.48 (n=38) | 1.59 ± 0.51 (n=31) | |
| SNP AUC (V x time) | 285.9 ± 113.6 (n=69) | 291.6 ± 112.8 (n=38) | 278.9 ± 115.9 (n=31) | |
| Blood | Total cholesterol (mmol.L-1) | 4.50 ± 0.46 (n=79) | 4.53 ± 0.66 (n=49) | 4.47 ± 0.47 (n=30) |
| HDL-C (mmol.L-1) | 1.86 ± 0.42 (n=78) | 1.89 ± 0.44 (n=49) | 1.80 ± 0.39 (n=29) | |
| LDL-C (mmol.L-1) | 2.29 ± 0.59 (n=78) | 2.28 ± 0.55 (n=49) | 2.30 ± 0.66 (n=29) | |
| TG (mmol.L-1) | 0.80 ± 0.29 (n=79) | 0.77 ± 0.29 (n=49) | 0.84 ± 0.30 (n=30) | |
| Glucose (mmol.L-1) | 4.33 ± 0.42 (n=80) | 4.32 ± 0.40 (n=49) | 4.35 ± 0.36 (n=31) | |
| Specific insulin (pmol.L-1) | 48.0 ± 25.0 (n=77) | 44.2 ± 24.1 (n=46) | 53.6 ± 25.6 (n=31) | |
| β-cell function (%) | 124.5 ± 45.6 (n=77) | 117.4 ± 45.7 (n=46) | 135.0 ± 44.1 (n=31) | |
| HOMA-IS (%) | 141.2 ± 87.1 (n=77) | 153.0 ± 90.1 (n=46) | 123.7 ± 80.6 (n=31) | |
| HOMA-IR | 0.98 ± 0.51 (n=77) | 0.90 ± 0.48 (n=46) | 1.09 ± 0.52 (n=31) | |
Values are mean ± standard deviation. Sample size (n=) is provided for each outcome. PAI - peripheral non-transformed augmentation index; PWV - pulse wave velocity; FMR - functional microvascular reserve; ACh - acetylcholine; AUC - area under the curve; SNP - sodium nitroprusside; HDL-C - high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C – low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG -Triglyceride; HOMA – Homeostatic model assessment; IS – Insulin sensitivity; IR – Insulin resistance.