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. 2019 Jul 17;218(8):2456–2469. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201903066

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© 2019 Chang and Chaudhuri

This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).

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Figure 3. — Homotypic and heterotypic cell interactions associated with BM invasion. (A) Proposed representation of how dividing tumor cells may exert forces to breach the BM. Based on studies in Nam and Chaudhuri (2018). (B) Cytokeratin-14 is up-regulated in leader cells during collective invasion from tumors. Based on studies in Cheung et al. (2013). (C) CAFs physically weaken the BM, enabling tumor cells to escape from the primary tumor. Based on studies in Glentis et al. (2017). (D) Myoepithelial cells have been shown to restrain tumor cells from escaping and recapture disseminated tumor cells. Based on studies in Sirka et al. (2018).