Table 2.
Different types of potential EVs in cancer treatment.
| Serial no. | EV type | Cancer type | Mode of action | Remarks | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DC-derived exosomes | Tumor-associated fibroblast | Immunotherapy | CD8+ T-cells releasing EVs kill mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and attenuate tumor growth | [137] |
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| 2 | (i) Rab27a-regulated exosomes | Breast cancer | (i) Exosome release | (i) RNAi-dependent knockdown of Rab27a reduced exosome secretion, decreased tumor growth | [59] |
| (ii) PEG-SMRwt-Clu regulated exosomes | (ii) Exosome release | (ii) Regulates secretion of Nef-positive exosome-like vesicles | [138] | ||
| (iii) NK and DC-modulated exosomes | (iii) Exosome internalization | (iii) Impairment of DC differentiation by IL6 overexpression and Stat3 phosphorylation | [139] | ||
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| 3 | Dimethyl amiloride- (DMA-) regulated exosomes | Acute myeloid leukemia | Exosome release | DMA inhibit exchange of Na+/H+ and Na+/Ca2+, improve efficacy of cyclophosphamide | [140] |
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| 4 | (i) GBM-derived EVs | Glioblastoma | (i) Binding inhibition | (i) Heparin inhibits oncogenic EFGRvIII mRNA transferation | [141] |
| (ii) Stromal cell-derived exosomes | (ii) Exosome overexpression | (ii) miR-302-367 in glioma cells overexpress exosomes | [113] | ||
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| 5 | Prostate cancer cell-derived exosomes | Castration-resistant prostate cancer cell | Exosome release | Manumycin-A (MA) inhibits Ras/Raf/ERK1 signaling and ERK-dependent oncogenic splicing factor hnRNP H1 and release exosome in cancer | [142] |
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| 6 | Exosomes | Pancreatic cancer | Delivery vehicle | The exosomes deliver RNAi to oncogenic KRAS | [143] |
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| 7 | Colorectal cancer cell line-derived exosomes | Colorectal cancer | Exosome knockout | Amiloride inhibits exosome production and blunts MDSC suppressor functions | [140] |