Table 3.
Multivariable analysis for all-cause mortality and gastric cancer-specific mortality among patients with pulmonary metastases.
| Variable | Patients, no. | All–cause mortality | Gastric cancer–specific mortality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (n = 18,331) | With pulmonary metastases (n = 1,098) | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| YEAR AT DIAGNOSIS | ||||||
| 2010 | 3,492 | 221 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| 2011 | 3,502 | 195 | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 0.01 | 0.91(0.75–1.11) | 0.35 |
| 2012 | 3,751 | 214 | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) | 0.12 | 0.89 (0.73–1.08) | 0.24 |
| 2013 | 3,739 | 229 | 0.73 (0.59–0.88) | 0.002 | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) | 0.04 |
| 2014 | 3,847 | 239 | 0.74 (0.59–0.92) | 0.01 | 0.71 (0.57–0.90) | 0.004 |
| RACE | ||||||
| White | 12,735 | 816 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| Black | 2,426 | 138 | 1.26 (1.03–1.54) | 0.03 | 0.95 (0.76–1.19) | 0.67 |
| Othersa | 3,049 | 139 | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | 0.21 | 1.18 (0.97–1.43) | 0.10 |
| Unknown | 121 | 5 | 0.77 (0.27–2.64) | 0.77 | 0.95 (0.32–2.87) | 0.93 |
| PRIMARY SITE | ||||||
| Upper 1/3 | 7,027 | 553 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| Middle 1/3 | 1,676 | 69 | 1.27(0.96–1.67) | 0.10 | 1.43(1.15–1.78) | 0.001 |
| Lower 1/3 | 3,808 | 118 | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | 0.97 | 1.08 (0.87–1.34) | 0.49 |
| Overlapping lesion | 1,424 | 72 | 1.14 (0.86–1.51) | 0.35 | 1.37 (1.04–1.80) | 0.02 |
| Unknown | 4,396 | 286 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.73 | 0.95 (0.79–1.14) | 0.59 |
| PATHOLOGY GRADE | ||||||
| I–II | 4,742 | 269 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| III–IV | 10,623 | 572 | 1.46 (1.24–1.72) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.15–1.58) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 2,966 | 257 | 1.47 (1.21–1.78) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.09–1.62) | 0.004 |
| RADIOTHERAPY | ||||||
| Yes | 5,416 | 222 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| No | 12,915 | 876 | 1.09 (0.92–1.30) | 0.32 | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 0.62 |
| SURGERYb | ||||||
| Yes | 8,453 | 51 | NA | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| No | 9,878 | 1,047 | NA | NA | 1.62 (1.13–2.33) | 0.01 |
| CHEMOTHERAPY | ||||||
| Yes | 10,495 | 631 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| No | 7,836 | 467 | 3.32 (2.87–3.84) | <0.001 | 2.50 (2.16–2.91) | <0.001 |
| EXTRAPULMONARY METASTATIC SITES TO LIVER, BONE, AND BRAIN, NO. | ||||||
| 0 | 14,442 | 377 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| 1 | 3,290 | 524 | 1.40 (1.21–1.63) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.14–1.52) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 340 | 127 | 1.67 (1.33–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.25–1.96) | <0.001 |
| 3 | 18 | 10 | 1.64 (0.97–3.11) | 0.13 | 2.03 (1.17–3.54) | 0.01 |
| Unknown | 241 | 60 | 1.44 (1.07–1.93) | 0.02 | 1.01 (0.68–1.49) | 0.97 |
| MARITAL STATUS | ||||||
| Married | 10,618 | 626 | 1 (Reference) | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| Unmarriedc | 6,789 | 436 | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 0.76 | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | 0.85 |
| Unknown | 924 | 36 | 0.81 (0.55–1.18) | 0.27 | 0.77 (0.45–1.22) | 0.26 |
| RESIDENCE TYPE | ||||||
| Rural | 467 | 27 | NA | NA | 1 (Reference) | NA |
| Urban | 17,864 | 1,071 | NA | NA | 0.69 (0.50–0.93) | 0.01 |
| Bachelor education (per 20% increase) | 18,331 | 1,098 | NA | NA | 1.02 (0.89–1.17) | 0.74 |
| Median household income (per $20,000 increase) | 18,331 | 1,098 | NA | NA | 0.89 (0.80–0.99) | 0.03 |
CI, confidence interval.
a
Including Asian and American Indians.
b
Including subtotal gastrectomy only, total gastrectomy only and radical surgery.
c
Including divorced, separated, single (never married), and widowed.