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. 2019 Aug 2;14:6151–6163. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S213889

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© 2019 Liang et al.

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ARS staining (A) and calcium deposition assay (B) of hMSCs after incubation with PBS (control), HA or HA-Au in osteogenic induction medium at the concentration of 100 μg/mL for 14 and 21 days. (scale bar: 100 μm. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, comparison between control group and other groups. ⁺p<0.05, ⁺⁺p<0.01, comparison between HA group and HA-Au group).

Abbreviations: ARS, Alizarin Red S; hMSCs, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; PBS, phosphate buffer saline; HA, hydroxyapatite; HA-Au, gold nanoparticles-loaded hydroxyapatite.