Table 2. Characteristics of included studies.

EDWS: extended-duration work shift.

Author (Year)	Study Location	Study Type	Population	EDWS Definition
Barger et al. (2005) [18]	USA	Prospective repeated-measures survey	2737 First Year Residents	- Duration: >24 hr - Frequency: 3.9 +/- 3.7 shifts per month. - Average hours of sleep on duty: 2.6 +/- 1.7 hr
Marcus et al. (1996) [19]	USA	Retrospective survey	61 Pediatrics Residents and 74 attending physicians	- Duration: >24 hr - Frequency: 1:4 shift:day - Average hours of sleep on duty: 2.7 +/- 0.9 hr
O’Grady et al. (2012) [22]	Australia and New Zealand	Retrospective survey	659 Surgery Residents	- Duration: >24 hr - Frequency: 1:4.4 shift:day - Average hours of sleep on duty: unknown
Ware et al. (2006) [17]	USA	Experimental study, within-subjects design.	22 Medicine Residents and 1 Student	- Duration: 19 to 24 hr - Frequency: 1:3 to 1:4 shift:day - Average hours of sleep on duty: Men: 3.3 +/- 1.2 hrs Women: 3.8 +/- 0.9 hrs
Tornero et al. (2012) [16]	Spain	Experimental study, within-subjects design.	25 Emergency Medicine Residents	-Duration: >24 hr - Frequency: unknown - Average hours of sleep on duty: 2.34 +/- 0.64 hr