Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study by coffee and tea consumption (N=26,841)
| Coffee consumption (cups/day)1 | Tea consumption (cups/day)1 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Drinkers | <1 | >1 | >2 | >3 | >4 | P value | Non-drinker | <1 | >1 | P value | |
| No. of participants | 670 | 3086 | 7175 | 8042 | 4472 | 3396 | 17204 | 7266 | 2371 | ||
| Randomization group,% | 0.26 | 0.33 | |||||||||
| Placebo | 29.0 | 24.8 | 25.1 | 24.9 | 24.8 | 25.6 | 24.8 | 25.7 | 25.5 | ||
| AT2 | 21.3 | 25.2 | 25.6 | 24.1 | 25.3 | 25.5 | 25.2 | 24.0 | 25.7 | ||
| BC3 | 23.7 | 25.3 | 24.6 | 25.2 | 25.2 | 25.1 | 25.0 | 25.4 | 24.2 | ||
| AT+BC | 26.0 | 24.7 | 24.7 | 25.8 | 24.8 | 23.8 | 25.0 | 24.9 | 24.6 | ||
| Age, years4 | 57.2±5.0 | 57.6±5.0 | 57.8±5.2 | 57.3±5.1 | 56.5± 4.8 | 56.2± 4.7 | <0.0001 | 57.2±5.0 | 57.2±5.1 | 57.1±5.1 | 0.73 |
| BMI4, kg/m2 | 25.9±4.2 | 26.4±3.8 | 26.3±3.8 | 26.2±3.7 | 26.3± 3.7 | 26.4± 3.8 | 0.01 | 26.3±3.8 | 26.2±3.7 | 26.2±3.7 | 0.52 |
| Years of smoking4 | 36.1±8.2 | 35.7±9.0 | 36.2±8.6 | 35.8±8.5 | 35.7±7.9 | 36.1±7.9 | 0.001 | 36.2±8.3 | 35.4±8.6 | 35.4±8.6 | <0.0001 |
| No. of cigarette/day4 | 20.7±9.8 | 19.2±9.0 | 19.0±8.2 | 20.1±8.5 | 21.5±8.7 | 23.5±9.4 | <0.0001 | 20.8±8.3 | 19.7±8.6 | 19.4±8.9 | 0.06 |
| Alcohol4, g/day | 23.6±26.6 | 26.7±28.1 | 19.7±21.8 | 15.9±18.8 | 15.1±18.4 | 13.5±18.4 | <0.0001 | 17.4±21.1 | 18.9±21.7 | 18.7±22.5 | <0.0001 |
| Education, greater than high school, % | 64.5 | 72.1 | 70.6 | 65.6 | 64.4 | 59.0 | <0.0001 | 62.5 | 74.6 | 71.9 | <0.0001 |
| History of diabetes, % | 5.1 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 0.05 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 0.12 |
| Physical activity in leisure time, < 1/week (the lowest category) | 53.3 | 51.1 | 47.2 | 51.0 | 55.3 | 57.7 | <0.0001 | 53.4 | 48.1 | 49.1 | <0.0001 |
| Family history of bladder cancer, % | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.91 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.38 |
| Tea drinker | 61.2 | 60.4 | 42.9 | 31.5 | 25.4 | 18.4 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Coffee drinker | 98.5 | 98.1 | 88.7 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Energy4, kcal/day | 2526±724 | 2475±688 | 2534±671 | 2669±672 | 2815±704 | 2942±776 | <0.0001 | 2643±711 | 2701±704 | 2724±717 | <0.0001 |
| Fruit consumption4, grams/day | 88.0±84.0 | 97.2±82.9 | 97.6±81.0 | 93.2±80.7 | 89.1±83.4 | 85.3±88.1 | <0.0001 | 88.5±82.6 | 101.8±81.5 | 99.0±83.9 | <0.0001 |
| Vegetable consumption, grams/day4 | 274.9±274.9 | 282.8±101.6 | 296.1±100.8 | 294.3±101.9 | 293.8±105.8 | 287.4±110.7 | <0.0001 | 287.6±102.9 | 302.6±104.1 | 291.6±105.0 | <0.0001 |
| Presence of hypertension, % | 23.6 | 25.4 | 21.4 | 17.7 | 16.4 | 13.7 | <0.0001 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 20.8 | <0.0001 |
1
One 8 oz cup=237 grams of coffee or tea
2
Alpha-Tocopherol
3
Beta-Carotene
4
Mean±SD