Table 1:

Review recent approaches to assess in vitro derived podocytes.

Study	Reporter Cell Line for Podocyte Identification	Comparison with in vivo Podocytes
		In vivo Sample Type	Method	Findings
Sharmin et al., 2016	NPHS1-GFP iPSC	mouse adult podocytes, human glomeruli	Microarray	Shared genes among in vitro podocytes, human glomeruli and mouse adult podocytes are enriched for podocyte signature genes
Wu et al., 2018	N/A	adult kidney cells	single-cell RNA Seq of organoids, and single-nucleus RNA-Seq of human adult kidney biopsy	Identified podocyte-like cells in organoids by comparing average gene expression of organoid and human fetal kidney cell clusters
Hale et al., 2018	MAFB-BFPiPSC	human matrisome database	mass spectrometry	in vitro 3D-cultured podocytes and human matrisome have shared extracellular matrix proteins
Czerniecki et al., 2018	N/A	Human Fetal Kidney (Menon et al., 2018)	single-cell RNA Seq of organoids and human fetal kidney	Identified podocyte-like cells in organoids by comparing average gene expression of organoid and human fetal kidney cell clusters
Combes et al., 2019	N/A	Human Fetal Kidney (Lindström et al., 2018)	single-cell RNA Seq of organoids and human fetal kidney	Identified podocyte-like cells in organoids by comparing average gene expression of organoid and human fetal kidney cell clusters
Yoshimura et al., 2019	NPHS1-GFP iPSC	Human Adult Podocytes	RNA Seq	Identified shared and different gene expression profiles between in vitro and in vivo podocytes
Tran et al. (our study)	MAFB-eGFP H9 hESC	Human Fetal Kidney	single-cell RNA Seq of organoids and human fetal kidney	Identifed shared transcriptional signatures between in vitro and in vivo podocyte development, pinpointed abnormal gene expression in vitro, and highlighted the potential of in vitro derived podocytes as a model for human podocyte development and disease studies