Table 1:

Fully or partially genetically causal relationships between complex traits. We report all significant trait pairs (1% FDR) with high gcp estimates ($\widehat{\text{gcp}}>0.6$). p_LCV is the p-value for the null hypothesis of no partial genetic causality; ${\widehat{\rho }}_g$ is the estimated genetic correlation, with standard error; $\widehat{\text{gcp}}$ is the posterior mean estimated genetic causality proportion, with posterior standard error. We provide references for all MR studies supporting causal relationships between these traits that we are currently aware of. Results for all 59 significant trait pairs are reported in Supplementary Table 11, and results for all 429 genetically correlated trait pairs are reported in Supplementary Table 12.

Trait 1	Trait 2	pLCV	${\widehat{\rho }}_g$ (std err)	$\widehat{\text{gcp}}$ (std err)	MR ref
Triglycerides	Hypertension	1 × 10−38	0.25 (0.04)	0.95 (0.04)
BMI	Heart attack	5 × 10−9	0.34 (0.09)	0.94 (0.11)	[32,38]
Triglycerides	Heart attack	2 × 10−31	0.30 (0.06)	0.90 (0.08)	[4]
Triglycerides	BP – systolic	1 × 10−40	0.13 (0.03)	0.89 (0.08)
HDL	Hypertension	1 × 10−21	−0.29 (0.06)	0.87 (0.09)
LDL	Hi cholesterol	2 × 10−6	0.77 (0.07)	0.86 (0.11)
Triglycerides	Mean cell volume	2 × 10−18	−0.20 (0.04)	0.86 (0.11)
Triglycerides	BP – diastolic	9 × 10−39	0.11 (0.04)	0.86 (0.10)
Mean platelet volume	Platelet count	1 × 10−9	−0.66 (0.03)	0.84 (0.10)
BMI	Hypertension	3 × 10−16	0.38 (0.03)	0.83 (0.11)	[11,38]
Triglycerides	Platelet distribution width	1 × 10−16	0.19 (0.04)	0.81 (0.13)
LDL	Bone mineral density – heel	7 × 10−34	−0.12 (0.05)	0.80 (0.12)
BMI	FVC	9 × 10−13	−0.22 (0.03)	0.79 (0.17)
Hi cholesterol	RBC count	0.002	0.08 (0.03)	0.79 (0.15)
Triglycerides	Reticulocyte count	5 × 10−10	0.33 (0.05)	0.79 (0.14)
Type 2 Diabetes	Mean cell volume	0.004	−0.15 (0.03)	0.77 (0.20)
HDL	RBC count	0.003	−0.13 (0.05)	0.76 (0.34)
Triglycerides	Eosinophil count	6 × 10−17	0.14 (0.05)	0.75 (0.16)
Balding4	Number children – male	3 × 10−30	−0.16 (0.05)	0.75 (0.13)
HDL	Platelet distribution width	2 × 10−16	−0.14 (0.04)	0.75 (0.16)
RBC distribution width	Type 2 Diabetes	7 × 10−4	0.11 (0.03)	0.73 (0.19)
LDL	Heart attack	4 × 10−31	0.17 (0.08)	0.73 (0.13)	[3,13]
Hi cholesterol	Lymphocyte count	0.004	0.18 (0.04)	0.73 (0.22)
Platelet distribution width	Platelet count	2 × 10−7	−0.47 (0.04)	0.73 (0.15)
Hypothyroidism	Type 2 Diabetes	4 × 10−4	0.22 (0.05)	0.73 (0.29)
HDL	Type 2 Diabetes	5 × 10−7	−0.40 (0.06)	0.72 (0.17)
Heart attack	Breast cancer	0.01	−0.16 (0.05)	0.72 (0.24)
Hypothyroidism	Heart attack	1 × 10−11	0.26 (0.05)	0.72 (0.16)
Hi cholesterol	Heart attack	5 × 10−4	0.52 (0.12)	0.71 (0.19)
HDL	BP – diastolic	9 × 10−17	−0.12 (0.06)	0.70 (0.18)