Table 1.

Association between medical marijuana laws (MML) and substance use treatment admissions by pregnant women per 100,000 women

	Marijuana		Alcohol		Rx Opioids		Heroin		Cocaine
MML	4.69***		3.19***		1.93		0.76		2.56**
	[1.32, 8.06]		[0.97, 5.41]		[−1.34, 5.21]		[−2.38, 3.90]		[0.34, 4.79]
Mean	14.34		13.04		7.51		11.16		10.41
N	606		606		606		606		606

Source: Treatment Episode Data Set Admissions, 2002–2014.

Notes: Coefficients are based on a difference-in-differences approach that estimates changes in outcomes and accounts for controls. Controls include state unemployment rates, beer excise tax rates, Medicaid income eligibility thresholds for pregnant women, the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions, pain clinic laws, prescription drug monitoring program operations and mandates, and recreational marijuana laws. State-year treatment admission counts of pregnant women ages 12 to 49 are divided by state population estimates of women ages 12 to 49 and multiplied by 100,000. The mean captures average outcomes 2 years prior to MML implementation for MML states. Confidence intervals are in parentheses.

^***p<0.01,

^**p<0.05,

^*p<0.1