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. 2019 Aug 6;10:3524. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11244-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Tracts with white matter integrity changes in brainstem in individuals with stroke compared to controls. a Axial view of the tracts with significant decrease (red-yellow) or increase (blue) in white matter integrity in individuals with stroke compared to controls. Corticospinal tract (CST), corticobulbar tract (CBT), medical reticulospinal tract (MRST), lateral reticulospinal tract (LRST), and medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) of the lesioned hemisphere showed significant decreased white matter integrity in individuals with stroke compared to controls. Medial reticulospinal tract (MRST) of non-lesioned hemisphere showed significant increased white matter integrity in individuals with stroke. b Brainstem atlas adapted from Gray’s anatomy and Haines’ neuroanatomy with modification for simplicity, showing the location of tracts. c Sagittal view of the tracts with significant decrease (red-yellow) or increase (blue). (Statistical test: two-sample t test with non-parametric 50,000 permutation. Using the threshold-free cluster enhancement with corrected p < 0.05)