Table 3.
Bone parameters for the axial skeleton (calvarium, mandible, and incisor) as measured by µCT.
| Parameters | Ground | Flight | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham | Surgery | Sham | Surgery | |
| Calvarium (parietal) | ||||
| BV (mm3) | 0.055 (0.005) | 0.054 (0.003) | 0.053 (0.003) | 0.053 (0.005) |
| Width (mm) | 0.164 (0.017) | 0.166 (0.008) | 0.156 (0.011) | 0.155 (0.012) |
| Mandible | ||||
| B.Ar/T.Ar (%) | 69 (2) | 68 (2) | 68 (2) | 69 (1) |
| M.Ar (mm2) | 0.61 (0.05) | 0.63 (0.04) | 0.63 (0.05) | 0.61 (0.03) |
| T.Ar (mm2) | 1.96 (0.08) | 1.94 (0.02) | 1.96 (0.06) | 1.95 (0.05) |
| B.Ar (mm2) | 1.34 (0.04) | 1.31 (0.02) | 1.32 (0.05) | 1.33 (0.04) |
| CEJ-ABC (mm) | 0.204 (0.036) | 0.192 (0.008) | 0.193 (0.025) | 0.221 (0.027) |
| Incisor | ||||
| [E + D]Ar/T.Ar (%) | 82 (6) | 80 (9) | 75 (6)† | 82 (5) |
| T.Ar (mm2) | 0.468 (0.015) | 0.466 (0.005) | 0.474 (0.012) | 0.481 (0.015) |
| [E + D]Ar (mm2) | 0.38 (0.03) | 0.38 (0.03) | 0.36 (0.03) | 0.39 (0.04) |
| Pu.Ar (mm2) | 0.083 (0.027) | 0.089 (0.030) | 0.116 (0.027)† | 0.087 ± (0.023) |
Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Bolded values indicate significant interactions were detected by 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc analyses (no significant differences were detected). A Student’s t-test was used to detect significant differences based on (i) Surgery (e.g., Ground + Sham vs. Ground + Surgery or Flight + Sham vs. Flight + Surgery) (no significant differences were detected) or (ii) gravity (e.g., Ground + Sham vs. Flight + Sham or Ground + Surgery vs. Flight + Surgery, p < 0.05, designated by†). BV = Bone volume; TV = Tissue volume; B.Ar = Bone area; T.Ar = Tissue area; M.Ar = Marrow area; CEJ-ABC = Cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest; [E + D]Ar = [enamel + dentin] area; Pu.Ar = Dental pulp area.