Table 2.
Effects of apical hyperosmolarity on expression of genes encoding tight junction, electrolytes transport and signaling proteins in Caco-2 monolayer.
| 2-h stress on differentiated cells | 24-h stress on differentiated cells | Statistical effects | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gene | iso | 50% hyper | 100% hyper | iso | 50% hyper | 100% hyper | Time | Osmotic | Time × Osmotic |
| Tight junction proteins | |||||||||
| OCLN | 1.12 ± 0.21 (a) | 2.79 ± 0.58 (b) | 1.41 ± 0.26 (a) | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 1.16 ± 0.05 | ** | * | * |
| TJP1 | 1.10 ± 0.23 (a) | 2.34 ± 1.07 (b) | 1.07 ± 0.15 (a) | 1.00 ± 0.04 | 0.77 ± 0.02 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | ** | * | ** |
| JAMA | 1.03 ± 0.11 (ab) | 1.26 ± 0.13 (a) | 0.85 ± 0.10 (b) | 1.00 ± 0.03 (a) | 1.21 ± 0.03 (ab) | 1.45 ± 0.05 (b) | ** | NS | *** |
| CLDN1 | 1.02 ± 0.09 (a) | 1.67 ± 0.13 (b) | 1.29 ± 0.10 (a) | 1.02 ± 0.08 | 1.05 ± 0.08 | 1.04 ± 0.05 | *** | * | ** |
| CLDN2 | 1.26 ± 0.31 (a) | 2.53 ± 0.31 (a) | 10.59 ± 0.60 (b) | 1.08 ± 0.17 | 1.77 ± 0.22 | 0.59 ± 0.13 | *** | *** | *** |
| CLDN5 | 0.99 ± 0.12 (a) | 2.75 ± 0.48 (b) | 2.62 ± 0.55 (b) | 1.04 ± 0.13 | 0.66 ± 0.07 | 0.45 ± 0.05 | *** | NS | ** |
| Electrolytes transport proteins | |||||||||
| ATPA1A | 1.12 ± 0.25 | 1.18 ± 0.21 | 1.27 ± 0.25 | 1.00 ± 0.02 | 0.91 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.03 | NS | NS | NS |
| NHE1 | 1.08 ± 0.19 (a) | 2.51 ± 0.21 (b) | 1.83 ± 0.18 (c) | 1.01 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.03 | 1.03 ± 0.06 | *** | ** | *** |
| NHE3 | 1.30 ± 0.38 | 1.37 ± 0.35 | 1.10 ± 0.40 | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 0.82 ± 0.02 | 0.66 ± 0.02 | NS | NS | NS |
| NKCC1 | 1.02 ± 0.10 | 1.38 ± 0.06 | 1.16 ± 0.13 | 1.02 ± 0.08 (a) | 0.92 ± 0.07 (a) | 2.59 ± 0.40 (b) | ** | ** | *** |
| AQP3 | 1.02 ± 0.10 (a) | 1.78 ± 0.26 (b) | 1.27 ± 0.22 (b) | 1.01 ± 0.08 (a) | 0.56 ± 0.03 (b) | 0.52 ± 0.04 (b) | *** | NS | *** |
| Signaling proteins | |||||||||
| NFAT5 | 1.01 ± 0.05 (a) | 3.17 ± 0.27 (b) | 2.12 ± 0.15 (c) | 1.02 ± 0.09 | 0.89 ± 0.03 | 1.22 ± 0.06 | *** | *** | *** |
| PTGS2 | 1.03 ± 0.10(a) | 4.73 ± 0.55 (b) | 3.70 ± 0.18 (c) | 1.02 ± 0.09 | 1.13 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.04 | *** | *** | *** |
| IL-6 | 1.16 ± 0.28 (a) | 7.67 ± 1.57 (b) | 9.30 ± 2.05 (b) | 1.07 ± 0.17 | 0.92 ± 0.19 | 0.83 ± 0.11 | *** | ** | ** |
| CXCL8 | 1.25 ± 0.36 (a) | 17.79 ± 1.95 (b) | 5.96 ± 1.06 (c) | 1.02 ± 0.09 | 1.02 ± 0.16 | 0.90 ± 0.13 | *** | *** | *** |
Relative gene expressions were measured in differentiated (15 days after seeding) Caco-2 after 2-h or 24-h apical hyperosmotic stress. Values are mean ± s.e.m. from three independent experiments each in duplicate (n = 6). Mean significant differences (P < 0.05) are indicated by a different letter. Main factor and interaction effects are indicated with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. NS: Non-significant difference.