Fig. 2.

Thanatin promotes the release of Ca²⁺ and LPS from the OM. a–c Release of Ca²⁺ (a) and LPS (b) from thanatin-treated E. coli XJ141026 (3 × 10¹⁰ CFU/mL) was detected, and time-kill curves were monitored (c). d, e LPS levels (d) and bacterial loads (e) in the BALF of E. coli XJ141026-infected pneumonia mice were analyzed at 1 and 6 h after 6 mg/kg thanatin treatment (n = 6 per group). f Survival curves for the E. coli XJ141026 pneumonia model. BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with a sublethal dose of E. coli XJ141026 and treated with 6 mg/kg thanatin via intraperitoneal injection (n = 10 per group). All data are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. from at least three independent experiments. P-values were determined by two-way ANOVA (a–c), two-tailed unpaired t-test (d, e) or log-rank test (f). ns means not significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control or model. Source data are provided in Source Data file