Fig. 1.

Incomplete genomes are common in Pan/99 virus infection. a Segment-specific P_P,i values were measured by a single-cell sorting assay. Each set of colored points corresponds to eight P_P,i values measured in a single experimental replicate, with 13 independent replicates performed. Horizontal bars indicate the mean (written above each segment’s name), and shading shows the mean ± SD (N = 13 independent experiments). b Using each replicate’s P_P,i values as input parameters, the computational model from Fonville et al. was used to predict the frequency of reassortment across multiple levels of infection²⁶. Black circles represent the experimental data from Fonville et al. and show levels of reassortment observed following single-cycle coinfection of MDCK cells with Pan/99-WT and a Pan/99 variant viruses. Colored lines show the theoretical predictions made by the model, with colors corresponding to the legend shown in panel a. c Pairwise correlations between segments (r²) are shown as color intensities represented by a color gradient (below). r² values are shown in yellow for significant associations (Nr² (where N is the sum of p(1 virion) values, N = 186) follows a χ² distribution with three degrees of freedom, p < 0.05 (χ² test) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons). Source data are provided as a Source Data file