Table 2.
Comparison of demographic, clinical, biochemical, and hemodynamic parameters; echocardiographic parameters and IVC collapsibility index; mean CVP pressure; and maximum and minimum IVC diameter of patients without and with ascites
| Variables | Preascitic cirrhosis (n = 32) | Cirrhosis with ascites (n = 44) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 46.8 ± 7.6 | 49.1 ± 9.8 | 0.048 |
| Hypertension | 5% | 7% | 0.265 |
| Smoker | 3% | 2% | 0.658 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 18% | 22% | 0.063 |
| Presence of esophageal varices | 22 | 34 | |
| Prior variceal bleeding | 13 | 17 | |
| Child‐Pugh score | 9.8 ± 1.0 | 10.3 ± 0.91 | 0 |
| MELD score | 14.2 ± 2.5 | 17.4 ± 2.3 | 0.001 |
| MELD Na | 16.4 ± 3.06 | 18.1 ± 3.06 | 0 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.71 ± 0.24 | 0.84 ± 0.22 | 0.314 |
| INR | 1.5 ± 0.31 | 1.6 ± 0.31 | 0.259 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 83.7 ± 11.5 | 80.3 ± 12.9 | 0.378 |
| HR (bpm) | 78.1 ± 14.2 | 88.9 ± 11.2 | 0.056 |
| Central venous pressure (mmHg) | 10.3 ± 2.4 | 14.3 ± 2.8 | 0.045 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| IVC diameter | |||
| IVCDmax (cm) | 1.7 ± 0.31 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 0.024 |
| IVCDmin (cm) | 1.25 ± 0.31 | 1.42 ± 0.24 | 0.364 |
| IVC collapsibility (%) | 32.2 ± 5.1 | 21.7 ± 2.9 | 0.036 |
| LVEF (%) | 55–60 | 55–60 | 0.9 |
| LVEDV (mL) | 75.0 ± 8.1 | 73.9 ± 5.7 | 0.342 |
| LVESV (mL) | 32.7 ± 4.2 | 28.7 ± 4.7 | 0.413 |
| LV end‐diastolic posterior wall thickness (cm) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.452 |
| LV end‐diastolic septal thickness (cm) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.433 |
| LV end diastolic diameter (cm) | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.5 | 0.056 |
| SVRI (dynes. s m2/cm5) | 2042 ± 416 | 1098 ± 566 | 0.004 |
| Hemodynamic assessment and cardiac catheterization | |||
| HVPG (mmHg) | 10.5 ± 2.9 | 14.8 ± 3.2 | 0.045 |
| RAP (mmHg) | 5.4 ± 2.3 | 6.9 ± 3.4 | 0.328 |
| PAP (mmHg) | 13.5 ± 4.4 | 14.5 ± 6.2 | 0.051 |
| PCWP (mmHg) | 12.6 ± 4.9 | 13.2 ± 7.5 | 0.060 |
| CO (L/min) | 5.4 ± 1.9 | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 0.041 |
| Therapy at the time of inclusion (%) | |||
| β‐blockers | 0 | 0 | |
| Furosemide | 5 | 38 | |
| Spironolactone | 10 | 38 | |
CO, cardiac output; CVP, central venous pressure; HR, heart rate; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; INR, XXX; IVCD, inferior vena cava diameter; LV, left ventricle; LVEDV, LV end diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, LV end systolic pressure; LVSD, left ventricular systolic diameter; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MELD, model for end‐stage liver disease; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; RAP, right atrial pressure; SVI, stroke volume index; SVRI, systemic vascular resistance index.