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. 2019 Jul 31;9:702. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00702

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Copyright © 2019 Shiba, Okamoto, Kiyohara, Ohno, Kaminuma, Asao, Ojima, Shirabe, Kuwano and Nakano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer in a 58-year-old man treated with C-ion RT. (A) PET before treatment. (B) MRI before treatment. (C) Dose distribution on axial CT images. Highlighted are: 95% (red), 90% (yellow), 80% (green), 70% (blue), 60% (pink), 50% (purple), 30% (light purple), and 10% (light blue) isodose curves [100% = 73.6 Gy [RBE]]. (D) PET 3 months after treatment. (E) MRI 12 months after treatment demonstrating disappearance of the presacral mass. Arrows show the recurrent tumor. C-ion RT, carbon-ion radiotherapy; PET, positron emission tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography; RBE, relative biological effectiveness.