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. 2019 Aug 6;9:11403. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47817-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of each component in each mixture design on Aedes albopictus larval development parameters. The top panels present the impact on larval development time from L1 to pupae in the mixtures TM, BY, BSF-C (a) and TM, BY, BSF-G (b). The bottom panels present the impact on larval survival rate from L1 to adults in the mixtures TM, BY, BSF-C (c) and TM, BY, BSF-G (d). The reference blend is the mixture composed of equal amounts (1/3) of each of the three ingredients. TM: Tuna meal; TM: Tuna meal; BY: Brewer’s yeast; BSF-C: Black soldier fly corresponding to insect meal C; BSF-G: Black soldier fly corresponding to insect meal G.