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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2019 Feb 6;29(5):718–729. doi: 10.1038/s41370-019-0121-x

Table 6.

Mean difference in the proportion of urinary arsenicals associated with the proportion of plasma arsenicals.

Mean Difference (95% CI) in %Urine Arsenicals
%U-iAs %U-MMAs %U-DMAs
%P-iAs1 −0.8% (−1.9, 0.3)
%P-MMAs1 0.4% (−0.8, 1.7)
%P-DMAs1 1.6% (0.1, 3.1)
Sex
Males 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref)
Females 0.6% (−2.9, 4.0) 1.3% (−0.7, 3.3) −0.9% (−4.8, 3.0)
Age
< 18 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref)
18 – 35 0.7% (−4.1, 5.5) 1.4% (−1.4,4.3) −2.2% (−7.6, 3.3)
35 – 55 −1.2% (−6.2, 3.8) 0.2% (−2.7, 3.2) 0.2% (−5.4, 5.9)
≥ 55 −1.2% (−7.0, 4.6) 1.1% (−2.3, 4.5) −1.8% (−8.4, 4.9)
BMI
Underweight 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref)
Normal 0.5% (−4.8, 5.8) −2.0% (−5.1, 1.2) 1.2% (−4.8, 7.1)
Overweight 2.9% (−3.4, 9.1) −4.8% (−8.5, −1.2) 1.0% (−6.0, 8.0)
Obese −0.8% (−7.1, 5.5) −4.8% (−8.5, −1.1) 4.7% (−2.3, 11.8)
Smoking
No 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref)
Yes −1.5% (−6.8, 3.8) −3.1% (−6.2, 0.0) 3.5% (−2.6, 9.6)
Seafood
Consumption
No 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref) 0.0% (ref)
Yes −0.4% (−5.1, 4.3) −3.3% (−6.1,−0.6) 2.1% (−3.2, 7.5)
1

mean difference in plasma arsenicals associated with a 10% increase in the proportion of plasma arsenical