Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the total study and of patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| All patients (n = 1684) | Non-diabetic patients (n = 1284) | Patients with T2DM (n = 400) | P-value | Patients without significant CAD (n = 710) | Patients with significant CAD (n = 974) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 63.7 | 63.3 | 65.1 | 0.001 | 62.5 ± 10.6 | 64.6 ± 10.6 | <0.001 |
| Male gender (%) | 66.7 | 66.1 | 68.5 | 0.378 | 52.4 | 77.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 4.3 | 27.1 ± 4.1 | 29.1 ± 4.8 | <0.001 | 27.9 ± 4.6 | 27.3 ± 4.1 | 0.007 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 44.2 | 36.6 | 68.5 | <0.001 | 40.8 | 46.6 | 0.019 |
| Hypertension (%) | 82.6 | 81.6 | 85.9 | 0.050 | 80.8 | 83.9 | 0.103 |
| Type 2 diabetes (%) | 23.8 | – | – | – | 18.5 | 27.6 | <0.001 |
| History of smoking (%) | 59.2 | 57.5 | 66.0 | 0.002 | 51.3 | 65.5 | <0.001 |
| Any lesion of the coronary arteries (%) | 81.7 | 79.6 | 88.3 | <0.001 | 56.5 | 100.0 | <0.001 |
| Significant stenosis (%) | 57.8 | 54.9 | 67.3 | <0.001 | – | – | – |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 204.0 ± 46.2 | 207.9 ± 45.2 | 191.3 ± 47.4 | <0.001 | 208.0 ± 44.5 | 200.1 ± 47.3 | 0.002 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 149.0 ± 96.9 | 141.9 ± 89.9 | 171.6 ± 113.7 | <0.001 | 142.6 ± 96.4 | 153.7 ± 97.0 | 0.003 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 93.4 ± 19.1 | 93.7 ± 18.8 | 92.2 ± 20.1 | 0.134 | 94.1 ± 18.1 | 92.8 ± 19.8 | 0.107 |
| Statin therapy (%) | 32.5 | 30.5 | 39.9 | 0.034 | 35.1 | 54.2 | <0.001 |
| ASA therapy (%) | 68.5 | 57.5 | 71.9 | 0.104 | 66.1 | 70.3 | 0.074 |
| Anticoagulant therapy (%) | 7.5 | 6.8 | 9.7 | 0.057 | 10.2 | 5.5 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive therapy (%) | 72.0 | 69.6 | 79.8 | <0.001 | 66.6 | 76.0 | <0.001 |
Data of patient characteristics are given as means ± standard deviations or percentage as indicated. Coronary angiography was performed with the Judkin’s technique and stenoses narrowing ≥ 50% were defined as significant CAD. Differences in categorical study variables between non-diabetic patients and patients with T2DM were tested for statistical significance with the chi-squared test; for continuous variables, t-tests were applied. Non-normally distributed variables (age, BMI, triglycerides, eGFR) were log-transformed prior to statistical analysis.
Abbreviations: ASA, acetylsalicylic acid; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.