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. 2019 Jul 31;10:968. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00968

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Copyright © 2019 Cheevarungnapakul, Khaksar, Panpetch, Boonjing and Sirikantaramas.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HPLC profiling of caffeoylquinic acids in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated with HaHQTs. Tissue extracts of N. benthamiana leaves infiltrated with GFP (control) and HQTs from sunflower (HaHQT1, HaHQT2, and HaHQT3) were analyzed by HPLC. Bars represent the mean values ± standard deviation (SD) of five biologically independent replicates. Within each caffeoylquinic acid derivative, different alphabets indicate significant differences according to Duncan’s multiple-range test (p < 0.05).