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. 2019 Jul 30;15:1744806919866529. doi: 10.1177/1744806919866529

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© The Author(s) 2019

Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 5. — EA inhibited the development of persistent pain in formalin-injected rats. Pre-EA treatment inhibited formalin induced the release of SP and CGRP from primary afferent neurons, thus suppressed the activation of spinal microglia, reduced the secretion of IL-6 and IFN-γ, and further inhibited the activation of nociceptive neurons, accordingly, inhibited the development of persistent pain. EA: electroacupuncture; SP: substance P; CGRP: calcitonin gene-regulated peptide.