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. 2019 Jul 31;10:1738. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01738

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Copyright © 2019 Lewis, Carbone, Luis, Payne, Bowen, Hagan, Kemerait, Heiniger and Ojiambo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic relationships showing patristic distances of 1,282 A. flavus isolates to the Afla-Guard strain (radial tree on left) or the AF36 strain (radial tree on right). In the center of each radial ring is the best maximum likelihood tree for the combined MLST loci (trpC, AF17, and mfs) with branches drawn to scale (scale bar is shown at the top). The four innermost rings represent A. flavus lineage as inferred from principal component analysis, mating type, sampling period, and state, respectively. The three outermost rings represent patristic distances for AF17, mfs, and trpC, respectively. The distance of each isolate from Afla-Guard or AF36 as a reference is shown using a heat map, where a value of 0 (blue) indicates high genetic similarity of the strain to the reference and a value of 1 (red) is high genetic dissimilarity.