Table 1.
Roles of HDACs in hemodynamics-modulated endothelial function and dysfunction
| HDACs | Class | Localization | Affected molecule | EC dysfunction/function | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pro-atherogenic OS | HDAC-1↑ | I | Nucleus↑ | Nrf2 (deacetylation)/NQO1↓ | Oxidation | 48 |
| CyclinA ↑ /p21↓ | Proliferation | 48 | ||||
| HDAC-2↑ | I | Nucleus↑ | Nrf2 (deacetylation)/NQO1↓ | Oxidation | 48 | |
| CyclinA ↑ /p21↓ | Proliferation | 48 | ||||
| HDAC-3↑ | I | Nucleus↑ | Nrf2 (deacetylation)/NQO1↓ | Oxidation | 48 | |
| CyclinA ↑ /p21↓ | Proliferation | 48 | ||||
| AKT (phosphorylation) | Survival | 42 | ||||
| HDAC-4↑ | II | Nucleus↑ | MEF2 (deacetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM ↓ | Inflammation | 48 | |
| HDAC-5↑ | II | Nucleus↑ | MEF2 (deacetylation)/KLF2 ↓ VCAM↑ | Inflammation | 48 | |
| HDAC-7↑ | II | Nucleus↑ | MEF2 (deacetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Inflammation | 48 | |
| Atheroprotective PS | HDAC-1 | I | Nucleus/Cytosol | p53 (deacetylation)/p21↑ | Antiproliferation | 46 |
| HDAC-3 | I | Nucleus/Cytosol | MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Anti-inflammation | 48 | |
| ? | p53 (deacetylation)/p21↑ | Differentiation into ECs | 47 | |||
| HDAC-5 | II | Cytosol↑ | MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Anti-inflammation | 48 | |
| MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ eNOS ↑ | NO production | 50 | ||||
| HDAC-6↑ | II | Cytosol↑ | α-tubulin | Migration | 51 | |
| HDAC-7 | II | Cytosol↑ | MEF2 (acetylation)/KLF2 ↑ VCAM↓ | Anti-inflammation | 48 | |
| Sirt1↑ | III | ? | eNOS (deacetylation) | NO production | 52 |