TABLE 3.

Comparison of changes in hormonal responses from pre to post Test¹, within and between reproductive function groups.

	Test1: change from pre to post within and between groups
	Within groups				Between groups
	EUM (n = 16)		FHA (n = 14)
		p-Value		p-Value		p-Value
Prolactin (μg/L)	68.6 ± 34.1	0.044	108.2 ± 35.7	0.002	−39.7 ± 49.1	0.419
ACTH (μg/L)	65.9 ± 12.4	<0.001	68.7 ± 12.5	<0.001	2.8 ± 17.6	0.874
Cortisol (nmol/L)	7.6 ± 37.5	0.838	79.5 ± 38.9	0.041	−71.8 ± 53.9	0.183
GH (μg/L)	3.7 ± 2.1	0.077	4.1 ± 2.1	0.049	−0.4 ± 2.9	0.881
IGF-1 (μg/L)	32.8 ± 4.3	<0.001	36.5 ± 4.3	<0.001	−3.7 ± 6.1	0.545
IGFBP-3 (μg/L)	0.9 ± 0.5	0.090	0.7 ± 0.5	0.218	0.2 ± 0.8	0.743
Insulin (pmol/L)	−58.3 ± 14.2	<0.001	−62.5 ± 14.2	<0.001	4.2 ± 20.0	0.833
Prolactin:cortisol	0.27 ± 0.15	0.061	0.16 ± 0.152	0.278	01.1 ± 0.21	0.605
Cortisol:insulin	0.007 ± 0.003	0.011	0.009 ± 0.003	0.001	−0.002 ± 0.004	0.605
GH:cortisol	0.010 ± 0.010	0.338	0.003 ± 0.01	0.757	0.006 ± 0.014	0.659
GH:insulin	0.852 ± 1.39	0.540	0.985 ± 1.39	0.479	−0.133 ± 1.966	0.946
IGF-1:IGFBP-3	−0.88 ± 1.17	0.452	0.11 ± 1.17	0.922	−0.99 ± 1.65	0.548
IGF:cortisol	0.187 ± 0.093	0.045	0.014 ± 0.097	0.884	0.173 ± 0.134	0.198
BDNF (μg/L)	3.6 ± 22.9	0.875	41.9 ± 23.5	0.074	−38.3 ± 32.8	0.243

Data shown as mean and standard error. EUM, eumenorrheic athletes; athletes with FHA, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; GH, growth hormone; IGF-1, insulin like growth factor 1; IGFBP-3, insulin like growth factor binding protein 3.