Table 1.
Low-Income Uninsured and Characteristics of the Low-Income Uninsured Aged 19 to 64 Years: NHIS, 2010 Through 2012a
| Characteristic | % (95% Cl) | P Value for Comparing States | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | States | |||
| Nonexpansion | Expansion | |||
| Uninsured | 41.9 (40.9–42.8) | 46.0 (44.6–47.3) | 37.3 (36.0–38.6) | <.001 |
| Characteristics of the uninsured | ||||
| Male sex | 52.6(51.9–53.3) | 50.7 (49.8–51.7) | 55.2 (54.2–56.2) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicityb | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 40.2 (38.6–41.8) | 43.6 (41.3–45.8) | 35.6 (33.4–37.8) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic black | 17.7 (16.6–18.8) | 22.1 (20.5–23.7) | 11.8 (10.5–13.1) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 36.2 (34.5–37.9) | 30.0 (27.5–31.9) | 45.0 (42.6–47.5) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic other race | 5.9 (5.1–6.7) | 4.6 (3.6–5.7) | 7.6 (6.3–8.8) | <.001 |
| Use of and access to health care services | ||||
| Delayed care in the past year due to cost | 31.9 (31.0–32.9) | 32.8 (31.5–34.0) | 30.8 (29.5–32.1) | .03 |
| Did not get care in the past year due to cost | 30.0 (29.6–32.1) | 30.5 (29.2–31.7) | 28.3 (26.8–29.8) | .03 |
| Has a usual source of care other than an emergency department | 54.2 (52.6–55.9) | 53.7 (51.4–55.9) | 55.0 (52.8–57.3) | .39 |
| At least 1 physician visit in the past year | 50.9 (49.4–52.4) | 51.4(49.4–53.5) | 50.2 (48.1–52.3) | .40 |
| At least 1 emergency department visit in the past year | 24.7 (23.4–26.1) | 27.6 (25.8–29.4) | 20.9 (19.0–22.8) | <.001 |
The analysis sample is limited to adults with family income no more than 138% of the federal poverty line using the Census Bureau’s definition of family as all related persons in the household. The substance of the results is unchanged if we use a narrower definition of family that seeks to replicate the family unit that is more common for health insurance coverage. There are 42 102 observations in the analysis sample for the first row and 18 789 for subsequent rows through “Did not get care in the past year due to cost.” Subsequent rows have a sample size of 7785 adults since these variables come from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sample adult file, where only 1 adult per household was surveyed. Some rows may have fewer observations due to missing values.
The χ2 test for equality of the race/ethnicity distribution between the 2 groups of states (expansion vs nonexpansion states) is χ2 = 127, P < .001.