Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by GFR categories after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and clinic location
| Characteristic | Low GFR | Normal/near-to- normal GFR |
High GFR | Low vs normal/ near-to-normal p value |
High vs normal/ near-to-normal p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 66 | 724 | 74 | – | – |
| Age (years)a | 60.0±1.0 | 54.5±0.3 | 52.6±1.0 | <0.001 | 0.071 |
| Female sex (%)a | 75.8 (64.0−84.6) | 55.2 (51.6−58.8) | 54.1 (42.7−65.0) | 0.002 | 0.844 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| African-American (%)a | 10.6 (5.1−20.6) | 24.9 (21.8−28.1) | 41.9 (31.2−53.4) | 0.012 | 0.002 |
| Hispanic (%)a | 33.3 (23.1−45.5) | 34.5 (31.2−38.1) | 35.1 (25.2−6.6) | 0.846 | 0.917 |
| Non-Hispanic white (%)a | 56.1 (44.0−67.5) | 40.6 (37.1−44.2) | 23.0 (15.8−33.9) | 0.016 | 0.004 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4±0.7 | 28.4±0.2 | 27.8±0.6 | 0.982 | 0.321 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.5±1.5 | 90.3±0.4 | 90.3±1.4 | 0.633 | 0.947 |
| Triacylglycerol concentration (mmol/l) | 1.39±0.10 | 1.28±0.03 | 1.25±0.08 | 0.296 | 0.697 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.25±0.04 | 1.20±0.01 | 1.26±0.04 | 0.223 | 0.135 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.8±1.9 | 121.4±0.6 | 124.7±1.8 | 0.691 | 0.067 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.2±1.1 | 77.4±0.3 | 79.6±1.0 | 0.498 | 0.041 |
| Antihypertensive medications (%) | 33.5 (22.6−46.5) | 19.2 (16.4−22.4) | 20.2 (12.5−31.0) | 0.011 | 0.799 |
| Fasting glucose concentration (mmol/l) | 5.35±0.07 | 5.44±0.02 | 5.43±0.06 | 0.232 | 0.896 |
| 2 h glucose concentration (mmol/l) | 6.58±0.23 | 6.91±0.07 | 7.08±0.21 | 0.197 | 0.457 |
| Insulin sensitivity index (MINMOD) (×10−4 min−1 µU−1 ml−1)b,c |
1.80±0.20 | 1.77±0.06 | 1.64±0.16 | 0.903 | 0.432 |
| Acute insulin response (pmol/l)b | 337.0±35.4 | 298.9±9.1 | 292.9±27.6 | 0.221 | 0.895 |
| PAI-1 concentration (ng/ml)b | 14.0±1.5 | 15.8±0.5 | 19.7±1.8 | 0.190 | 0.030 |
| ACR (mg/mmol)b | 0.98±0.11 | 0.84±0.02 | 1.11±0.12 | 0.138 | 0.006 |
| Dietary protein (g/day) | 80.4±3.9 | 77.4±1.1 | 76.8±3.7 | 0.155 | 0.891 |
| GFR (ml min−1 1.73 m−2)a | 55.4±1.4 | 80.3±0.4 | 121.3±1.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
a
Non-adjusted values
b
Loge-transformed variable and then back-transformed to its natural units for presentation
c
To convert values to SI units (×10−4 min−1 pmol−1 1−1 ) multiply by 0.167
SBP, systolic blood pressure