Figure 2.

a) Cyclic voltammogram (CV) at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s⁻¹ with the potential range of 1.7–2.8 V (vs Li/Li⁺) in Li–S cell. b) J–V curve for single PSC. c) J–V curves for the connected PSCs unit with different active area (the unit is fabricated by three single PSCs connected in series). d) Normalized photocurrent changing tendency in operating voltage range of 2.4–2.7 V. e) Stabilized power output measured at a bias voltage near the maximum power point for single and connected PSCs. f) Discharge capacity in the initial 80 cycles of a typical Li–S battery at 0.2 C rate.