Table 4. MSEM testing the mediation effect of institutional trust on the relationship between fairness and social trust.
| Model 5 No Mediation |
Model 6 With Mediation |
Model 7 No Mediation |
Model 8 With Mediation |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual Level | ||||
| SOCIAL TRUST ON | ||||
| Age | 0.004* (0.002) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.004* (0.002) | 0.002 (0.002) |
| Male | -0.134** (0.043) | -0.102* (0.044) | -0.135** (0.043) | -0.102* (0.044) |
| Education | 0.187*** (0.023) | 0.174*** (0.022) | 0.188*** (0.023) | 0.175*** (0.022) |
| Unemployment | -0.218*** (0.054) | -0.179*** (0.054) | -0.222*** (0.054) | -0.181*** (0.054) |
| Perceived Health Status | -0.208*** (0.034) | -0.135*** (0.035) | -0.205*** (0.034) | -0.134*** (0.035) |
| Social Connections | 0.026 (0.022) | 0.026 (0.023) | 0.026 (0.022) | 0.026 (0.023) |
| Discriminated Group | -0.261** (0.099) | -0.156 (0.095) | -0.266** (0.099) | -0.160 (0.095) |
| Pro-migrants | 0.237*** (0.022) | 0.169*** (0.025) | 0.236*** (0.022) | 0.168*** (0.025) |
| Fear of Crime | -0.314*** (0.032) | -0.285*** (0.033) | -0.313*** (0.033) | -0.286*** (0.033) |
| Institutional Trust | - | 0.329*** (0.026) | - | 0.329*** (0.026) |
| NUTS II Level | ||||
| INSTITUTIONAL TRUST ON | ||||
| % Migrants from outside EU | - | -10.734** (3.599) | - | -7.452* (3.793) |
| % Migrants from inside EU | - | -0.656 (5.008) | - | -1.236 (5.020) |
| % Managers or Professionals | - | -2.323* (1.058) | - | 0.088 (0.980) |
| % Upper degree or above | - | 0.008 (0.004) | - | 0.008 (0.005) |
| GDP | - | 0.013*** (0.002) | - | 0.009*** (0.002) |
| Population Growth | - | 0.002 (0.025) | - | -0.020 (0.022) |
| Age Median | - | -0.042 (0.032) | - | -0.051 (0.027) |
| Area in Km2 | - | -0.002 (0.002) | - | 0.001 (0.002) |
| Long-term Unemployment | - | -0.008 (0.025) | - | 0.045 (0.025) |
| Impartiality Pillar | - | 0.304*** (0.063) | - | - |
| Corruption Pillar | - | - | - | 0.477*** (0.070) |
| SOCIAL TRUST ON | ||||
| % Migrants from outside EU | -6.292 (3.840) | 0.539 (4.627) | -1.859 (3.381) | 3.623 (4.253) |
| % Migrants from inside EU | -1.238 (5.325) | 0.138 (5.454) | 1.622 (6.001) | 3.433 (5.642) |
| % Managers or Professionals | -0.532 (1.039) | 1.061 (0.917) | 2.637* (1.067) | 2.494** (0.946) |
| % Upper degree or above | 0.006 (0.004) | 0.001 (0.003) | 0.005 (0.004) | 0.001 (0.003) |
| GDP | 0.012*** (0.002) | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.008** (0.003) | 0.001 (0.004) |
| Population Growth | -0.092** (0.030) | -0.086** (0.027) | -0.132*** (0.032) | -0.111*** (0.030) |
| Age Median | -0.127*** (0.040) | -0.099** (0.036) | -0.150*** (0.043) | -0.112** (0.041) |
| Area in Km2 | 0.001 (0.004) | 0.001 (0.004) | 0.003 (0.004) | 0.003 (0.004) |
| Long-term Unemployment | -0.001 (0.030) | 0.003 (0.025) | 0.065 (0.035) | 0.025 (0.033) |
| Impartiality Pillar | 0.501*** (0.063) | 0.289*** (0.063) | - | - |
| Corruption Pillar | - | - | 0.604*** (0.100) | 0.234 (0.121) |
| Institutional Trust | - | 0.694***(0.149) | - | 0.777*** (0.198) |
| Impartiality Indirect Effect | - | 0.211*** (0.065) | - | - |
| % of Total Effect | - | 42% | - | - |
| Corruption Indirect Effect | - | - | - | 0.371*** (0.110) |
| % of Total Effect | - | - | - | 61% |
| n individuals (NUTS II) | 13,251 (82) | 12,840 (82) | 13,251 (82) | 12,840 (82) |
| RMSEA | 0.030 | 0.022 | 0.030 | 0.022 |
| R2 Between | 0.904 | 0.938 | 0.877 | 0.912 |
| R2 Within | 0.085 | 0.143 | 0.085 | 0.143 |
Note. Unstandardized Coefficients. Standard errors in parentheses. MLR.
* p ≤ 0.05,
** p ≤ 0.01,
*** p ≤ 0.001.
Models 6 and 8 account also for mediation of institutional trust at the individual level. Sources: ESS, EUROSTAT, QoG regional data.