Fig 4. The intensity of apoptosis and proliferation in the gastric tissue of guinea pigs infected with H. pylori.
(A) Level of apoptosis was evaluated in the gastric tissue of guinea pigs noninfected or infected with H. pylori after 7 and 28 days from inoculation. (i) Fluorescence intensity of apoptotic cells, detected in the gastric tissue using the TUNEL assay and counterstained with DAPI was measured using the Image J software version 1.48v (National Institute of Health, United States). (ii) Representative images of gastric tissue sections stained with the TUNEL assay, counterstained with DAPI and photographed in a fluorescence microscope (Axio Scope A1, Zeiss, Germany) at wavelengths: 550 nm (excitation) and 590 nm (emission) for TUNEL and 345 nm (excitation) 455 nm (emission) for DAPI. (B) Level of intensity of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in the gastric tissue of guinea pigs noninfected or infected with H. pylori after 7 and 28 days from inoculation. (i) Fluorescence intensity of Bcl-xL in the gastric tissue was measured using the Image J software version 1.48v (National Institute of Health, United States). (ii) Representative images of Bcl-xL in the gastric tissue photographed in a confocal microscope (LeicaTCS SP). DAPI was used for nuclear staining. (C) Level of intensity of cleaved pro-apoptotic caspase 3 (CC3) in the gastric tissue of guinea pigs noninfected or infected with H. pylori after 7 and 28 days from inoculation. (i) The fluorescence intensity of CC3 in the gastric tissue was measured using the Image J software version 1.48v (National Institute of Health, United States). (ii) Representative images of CC3 in the gastric tissue photographed in a confocal microscope (LeicaTCS SP). DAPI was used for nuclear staining. (D) Level of Ki-67 (proliferation marker) in the gastric tissue of guinea pigs noninfected or infected with H. pylori after 7 and 28 days from inoculation. (i) Cell proliferation expressed as a labelling index (LI %), indicating the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells (brown labelled-cells) to all epithelial cells, counted using the Image J software program. (ii) Representative images of gastric tissue stained for the Ki67. Black arrows show Ki-67 positive cells. Five animals per group for control and, 10 animals per group for infected individuals (n = 5+5) were examined. The results are presented as median values of four independent experiments performed in triplicates for each experimental variant. Statistical analysis was performed in the nonparametric U Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Statistical significance *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 was obtained for H. pylori infected animals (7 and 28 days after inoculation) vs control animals; H. pylori infected animals 7 days vs animals 28 days from the last inoculation.