Fig. 4.

Transgenic lines of rice overexpressing NF-YC12. (A) Expression levels of NF-YC12 in the developing seeds at 7 d after pollination (DAP) of the wild-type (WT) and two overexpression lines (OE1 and OE2), as determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Data are means (±SD) for n=3 replicates. Significant differences between the WT and OE lines were determined using two-tailed Student’s t-tests (*P<0.05; **P<0.01). (B) Expression levels of representative protein in the WT and OE lines. Total protein extracted from developing seeds at 10 DAP was used for western blot analysis with an anti-FLAG antibody. (C) Representative images of the shapes of the grains of the WT and OE lines; the scale bar is 2 mm. (D–F) Thousand-grain weight (D), grain width (E), grain length (F), and contents of (G) starch, (H) prolamin, and (I) glutelin of the WT and OE lines. Data are means (±SD) of n=20 replicates (D–F) and n=3 replicates (G–I). Significant differences between the WT and OE lines were determined using Student’s t-test (*P<0.05; **P<0.01).