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. 2019 Aug 7;5(8):eaaw7756. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw7756

Fig. 3. Validation of IL-2 activation in gluten-induced recall responses.

Fig. 3

(A to C) Fold-change responses assessed in CeD patients in a randomized double-blind 3-g gluten food challenge study with matched controls. Median and IQRs are shown. (D) IL-2 response to gluten challenge from stored plasma samples collected in a previously reported open-label 5.7-g study. Median and IQRs of response in HLA-DQ2.5+ patients are shown. (E and F) Pearson’s correlation analysis of IL-2 activation with frequency of circulating gluten-specific CD4+ T cells in HLA-DQ2.5+ CeD patients (E) and villous height–to–crypt depth (Vh:CrD) ratio (F) at baseline before oral gluten challenge. (G) Self-reported nausea scores collected every 2 hours after gluten challenge. Median with IQRs is shown. P value was estimated by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (H and I) Dose-response analysis of IL-2 concentration with patient-reported nausea scores and occurrence of vomiting in double-blind 3-g gluten food challenge study (H) and previously reported gluten challenge study (I). Red dot indicates that patient vomited after gluten challenge. (J) Cytokine response of CD4+ T cell clones, specific for HLA-DQ2.5–restricted epitopes in Nexvax2 and derived from peripheral blood or intestinal biopsies of CeD patients, after incubation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibody in the absence of other cell types for 24 hours. (K) Cytokine response of short-term CD4+ T cell lines, derived from peripheral blood or intestinal biopsies of CeD patients, after incubation with anti-CD3 and/or anti-CD28 antibody in the absence of other cell types for 24 hours. (L) Cytokine response in fresh whole blood, drawn from HLA-DQ2.5+ CeD patients, incubated with Nexvax2 peptides for 24 hours. Stimulation index estimated as fold change relative to incubation with media only. Median value and IQR are shown. Significance of cytokine induction estimated by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test between Nexvax2 and Nil incubations. Asterisks denote cytokines with significant differences (***P < 0.0001).