Table 1.
Age group and sex-adjusted odds ratio estimates for pancreatic cancer risk factors among cases diagnosed in 2011-2013 and controls recruited in 2011, from Ontario, Canada
| Characteristic | Cases (n = 310) | Controls (n = 1,258) | ORa | 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Age (y)b, c | ||||||
| < 60 | 79 | 26 | 444 | 35 | – | – |
| 60–64 | 65 | 21 | 282 | 20 | – | – |
| 65–69 | 58 | 19 | 220 | 17 | – | – |
| ≥ 70 | 104 | 34 | 312 | 25 | – | – |
| Missing | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Genderb | ||||||
| Male | 164 | 53 | 662 | 53 | – | – |
| Female | 146 | 47 | 596 | 47 | – | – |
| Educationd | ||||||
| College/university graduate | 129 | 42 | 577 | 46 | 1.00 | |
| High school graduate or less | 180 | 58 | 680 | 54 | 1.14 | 0.88, 1.47 |
| Missing | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 0.1 | ||
| Race | ||||||
| Caucasian | 265 | 85 | 1154 | 92 | 1.00 | |
| Non-Caucasian | 44 | 14 | 104 | 8 | 1.77 | 1.20, 2.60 |
| Missing | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Family history of pancreas cancere | ||||||
| No | 256 | 83 | 1144 | 91 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 33 | 11 | 49 | 4 | 3.03 | 1.90, 4.83 |
| Don’t know | 20 | 7 | 61 | 5 | ||
| Missing | 1 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.3 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2)f | ||||||
| < 25.0 | 102 | 33 | 402 | 32 | 1.00 | |
| 25.0– < 30.0 | 109 | 35 | 519 | 41 | 0.86 | 0.63, 1.17 |
| ≥ 30.0 | 99 | 32 | 336 | 27 | 1.25 | 0.91, 1.73 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.1 | ||
| Alcohol intakeg | ||||||
| Never | 107 | 35 | 406 | 33 | 1.00 | |
| Former | 27 | 9 | 85 | 7 | 1.26 | 0.77, 2.06 |
| Current | 173 | 56 | 756 | 60 | 0.82 | 0.59, 1.14 |
| Light to moderate (1–20 drinks/wk) | 138 | 45 | 658 | 54 | 0.83 | 0.57, 1.21 |
| Heavy (21 + drinks/wk) | 29 | 10 | 72 | 6 | 1.60 | 0.98, 2.64 |
| Missing | 3 | 1 | 11 | 1 | ||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| Never | 118 | 38 | 573 | 46 | 1.00 | |
| Ever | 188 | 61 | 683 | 54 | 1.34 | 1.04, 1.74 |
| > 0– < 8.5 pack years | 59 | 19 | 223 | 18 | 1.29 | 0.91, 1.84 |
| 8.5– < 22 pack years | 57 | 18 | 231 | 19 | 1.24 | 0.87, 1.77 |
| ≥ 22 pack years | 66 | 21 | 220 | 18 | 1.46 | 1.03. 2.06 |
| Missing | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0.1 | ||
| Diabetesh | ||||||
| No | 247 | 80 | 1090 | 87 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 63 | 20 | 159 | 13 | 1.61 | 1.16, 2.24 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | ||
| Pancreatitish | ||||||
| No | 290 | 94 | 1236 | 98 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 20 | 6 | 14 | 1 | 5.72 | 2.82, 11.61 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | ||
aAge group and sex-adjusted OR
bNo reported OR, controls frequency matched to cases
cAge at pancreas cancer diagnosis for cases; age at questionnaire completion for controls
dHighest level of education reached
eImmediate blood relatives
fOne year prior to completion of questionnaire for both cases and controls
gBoth cases and controls were asked to recall alcohol intake “approximately two years ago”
hCases were asked about diagnosis “before one year ago”; controls were asked if ever diagnosed