TABLE 3.
Anthropometric indicators among children 6–23.9 mo by intervention group and survey round1
| Baseline 2015 (T1) | Endline 2017 (T2) | Intensive T2 – T1, pp/mean difference | Nonintensive T2 – T1, pp/mean difference | Pure ITT DDE,2 pp/mean difference (95% CI) | Adjusted ITT DDE,3 pp/mean difference (95% CI) | Fully adjusted DDE,4 pp/mean difference (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Intensive (n = 1328) | Nonintensive (n = 1318) | Intensive (n = 1360) | Nonintensive (n = 1360) | |||||
| Stunting, % | 36.27 | 35.42 | 22.78 | 27.58 | −13.48*** | −7.85** | −5.6* (−11.1, −0.2) | −5.9* (−11.6, −0.3) | −6.0* (−11.7, −0.2) |
| 6–11.9 mo | 27.01 | 26.18 | 14.07 | 17.61 | −12.93*** | −8.57** | −4.4 (−11.5, 2.7) | −4.2 (−11.4, 2.9) | −4.2 (−11.3, 2.8) |
| 12–17.9 mo | 37.58 | 41.08 | 23.23 | 30.70 | −14.35** | −10.38* | −4.0 (−15.7, 7.7) | −3.7 (−14.8, 7.3) | −3.9 (−14.9, 7.2) |
| 18–23.9 mo | 48.01 | 41.54 | 34.88 | 38.50 | −13.13* | −3.04 | −10.1 (−20.7, 0.5) | −10.2 (−20.8, 3.3) | −10.0 (−20.8, 0.7) |
| HAZ | −1.33 ± 1.60 | −1.34 ± 1.51 | −1.05 ± 1.41 | −1.17 ± 1.44 | 0.28** | 0.18** | 0.10 (−0.10, 0.30) | 0.12 (−0.09, 0.33) | 0.12 (−0.09, 0.33) |
| 6–11.9 mo | −0.71 ± 1.77 | −0.83 ± 1.65 | −0.57 ± 1.39 | −0.71 ± 1.44 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.02 (−0.34, 0.38) | 0.01 (−0.37, 0.38) | 0.02 (−0.35, 0.39) |
| 12–17.9 mo | −1.56 ± 1.34 | −1.68 ± 1.30 | −1.20 ± 1.32 | −1.37 ± 1.40 | 0.35* | 0.30 | 0.05 (−0.33, 0.43) | 0.04 (−0.32, 0.40) | 0.04 (−0.32, 0.40) |
| 18–23.9 mo | −1.93 ± 1.32* | −1.66 ± 1.31 | −1.57 ± 1.33 | −1.59 ± 1.30 | 0.37* | 0.07 | 0.30* (0.00, 0.59) | 0.30* (0.01, 0.60) | 0.30 (−0.01, 0.59) |
| Underweight, % | 24.87 | 25.66 | 15.53 | 15.55 | −9.34** | −10.12*** | 0.77 (−5.59, 7.13) | 0.76 (−5.56, 7.08) | 0.80 (−5.47, 7.07) |
| 6–11.9 mo | 19.10 | 22.03 | 11.96 | 11.31 | −7.14* | −10.71** | 3.57 (−3.74, 10.88) | 3.75 (−3.65, 11.16) | 3.76 (−3.60, 11.12) |
| 12–17.9 mo | 25.93 | 29.37 | 17.07 | 17.59 | −8.86* | −11.78* | 2.92 (−7.48, 13.32) | 2.82 (−7.01, 12.64) | 2.93 (−6.87, 12.73) |
| 18–23.9 mo | 31.83 | 26.53 | 18.80 | 19.36 | −13.03** | −7.17* | −5.86 (−14.80, 3.07) | −5.73 (−14.41, 2.96) | −5.86 (−14.51, 2.79) |
| WAZ | −1.21 ± 1.20 | −1.25 ± 1.21 | −0.95 ± 1.07 | −0.96 ± 1.08 | 0.26** | 0.29** | −0.02 (−0.20, 0.15) | −0.02 (−0.20, 0.16) | −0.02 (−0.20, 0.16) |
| 6–11.9 mo | −0.86 ± 1.24 | −0.99 ± 1.33 | −0.73 ± 1.12 | −0.76 ± 1.09 | 0.13 | 0.23* | −0.10 (−0.38, 0.18) | −0.11 (−0.40, 0.18) | −0.10 (−0.39, 0.18) |
| 12–17.9 mo | −1.36 ± 1.14 | −1.44 ± 1.10 | −1.01 ± 1.06 | −1.04 ± 1.05 | 0.35** | 0.40** | −0.05 (−0.36, 0.26) | −0.05 (−0.33, 0.23) | −0.06 (−0.33, 0.22) |
| 18–23.9 mo | −1.50 ± 1.10 | −1.38 ± 1.10 | −1.18 ± 0.95 | −1.17 ± 1.04 | 0.32** | 0.21* | 0.11 (−0.11, 0.33) | 0.11 (−0.11, 0.32) | 0.11 (−0.11, 0.32) |
| Wasting, % | 15.96 | 16.02 | 8.80 | 8.57 | −7.17* | −7.45** | 0.29 (−6.09, 6.66) | 0.42 (−5.79, 6.64) | 0.60 (−5.54, 6.74) |
| 6–11.9 mo | 16.63 | 18.82 | 9.76 | 8.61 | −6.88* | −10.22** | 3.33 (−3.42, 10.10) | 3.47 (−(−3.34, 10.28) | 3.59 (−3.28, 10.45) |
| 12–17.9 mo | 17.25 | 14.67 | 8.17 | 6.71 | −9.08* | −7.96** | −1.12 (−9.07, 6.82) | −1.33 (−8.74, 6.08) | −1.13 (−8.50, 6.24) |
| 18–23.9 mo | 13.31 | 13.78 | 8.17 | 10.64 | −5.14 | −3.14 | −2.00 (−10.34, 6.33) | −1.76 (−10.09, 6.58) | −1.55 (−9.99, 6.88) |
| WHZ | −0.61 ± 1.21 | −0.71 ± 1.25 | −0.53 ± 1.15 | −0.48 ± 1.18 | 0.17 | 0.26** | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.14) | −0.09 (−0.32, 0.14) | −0.09 (−0.33, 0.14) |
| 6–11.9 mo | −0.59 ± 1.34 | −0.65 ± 1.38 | −0.49 ± 1.19 | −0.41 ± 1.25 | 0.11 | 0.25* | −0.14 (−0.42, 0.14) | −0.15 (−0.43, 0.14) | −0.15 (−0.43, 0.14) |
| 12–17.9 mo | −0.81 ± 1.20 | −0.86 ± 1.15 | −0.58 ± 1.20 | −0.53 ± 1.12 | 0.24 | 0.34* | −0.10 (−0.41, 0.21) | −0.10 (−0.39, 0.19) | −0.11 (−0.40, 0.18) |
| 18–23.9 mo | −0.73 ± 1.14 | −0.73 ± 1.13 | −0.55 ± 1.03 | −0.53 ± 1.14 | 0.18 | 0.20* | −0.02 (−0.30, 0.27) | −0.03 (−0.32, 0.26) | −0.03 (−0.31, 0.26) |
Values are percentages or means ± SDs unless otherwise indicated. *, **, ***Significant change from baseline to endline in intensive and nonintensive areas separately, adjusted for clustering effect at woreda level: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. DDEs with clustered SEs compare Alive & Thrive intensive and nonintensive areas in 2015 and 2017. DDE, difference-in-difference estimate; HAZ, height-for-age z score; ITT, intent-to-treat; pp, percentage point; T, time; WAZ, weight-for-age z score; WHZ, weight-for-height z score.
Accounts for geographic clustering effect at woreda level only.
Accounts for geographic clustering effect, child sex, and child age.
Accounts for geographic clustering effect, child sex, child age, and variables that are different at baseline and endline (mother's occupation, institutional delivery, and household dietary diversity).