Table 2.
The association between CVD vascular biomarkers, demographics, covariates and OA radiographic and ultrasonographic variables
| CVD risk markers (dependent variables) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| AIx β (95% CI) | PWV β (95% CI) | ABI β (95% CI) | |
| Patients in MUST, OPC and UKPC | Only MUST | ||
| Age years, mean (range) | 0.27 (0.21–0.33)** | 0.12 (0.11–0.13)** | − 0.00 (− 0.01–0.00) |
| Female gender, n (%) | 6.38 (5.26–7.49)* | − 0.22 (− 0.42- -0.02)* | − 0.10 (− 0.15—0.06)** |
| Smoking daily, n (%) | 3.60 (2.19–5.01)** | 0.15 (− 0.20–0.50) | − 0.05 (− 0.11–0.02) |
| Higher education, n (%) | −0.06 (− 1.77–1.65) | − 0.03 (− 0.39–0.32) | 0.02 (− 0.02–0.06) |
| BMI kg/m2, mean (SD) | −0.05 (− 0.14–0.04) | 0.06 (0.04–0.09)** | 0.00 (− 0.00–0.01) |
| CRP mg/L, mean (SD) | − 0.02 (− 0.10–0.06) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05)* | 0.00 (− 0.00–0.00) |
| Use of NSAIDs | 1.00 (− 1.11–3.11) | 0.14 (− 0.31–0.58) | − 0.02 (− 0.07–0.03) |
| MHAQ | 1.30 (−1.79–4.38) | − 0.16 (− 0.80–0.48) | −0.00 (− 0.68–0.07) |
| Regular exercise n (%) | −1.59 (− 3.63–0.45) | −0.10 (0.53–0.34) | −0.02 (0.08–0.05) |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | −0.45 (− 048- -0.41)** | 0.04 (0.03–0.05)** | −0.00 (− 0.00–0.00) |
| Patients in MUST only | Only MUST | ||
|
Radiographic osteophytes Hand KL |
0.07 (0.01–0.13)* | 0.00 (−0.01–0.02) | 0.00 (− 0.00–0.00) |
|
Radiographic osteophytes Lower limb |
− 0.19 (− 0.66–0.29) | −0.04 (− 0.15–0.07) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02)* |
| US PD Hand | 0.41 (− 1.45–2.27) | 0.05 (− 0.36–0.46) | −0.01(− 0.05–0.03) |
| US GS Hand | 0.28 (− 0.06–0.63) | −0.04 (− 0.12–0.03) | 0.00 (− 0.00–0.01) |
| US GS Lower limb | −0.84 (− 2.64–0.96) | −0.06 (− 0.47–0.34) | 0.01 (− 0.03–0.05) |
| US osteophytes Hand | 0.09 (0.02–0.16)* | −0.00 (− 0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (− 0.00–0.00) |
| US osteophytes Lower limb | 0.07 (−1.39–1.54) | −0.19 (− 0.52–0.13) | 0.02 (− 0.02–0.05) |
Dependent variables in separated models. N number, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, AIx augmentation index, PWV pulse wave velocity. BP blood pressure. MUST-OA persons in MUST with osteoarthritis, OCP Oslo community controls, UKPC UK population controls, AIx augmentation index, PWV pulse wave velocity, ABI ankle-brachial index
All models adjusted for age and gender. Linear regression models β beta coefficient, CI confidence interval, n number, KL Kellgren Lawrence, PD power Doppler GS grey scale *p < 0.05**p < 0.00