Table 4.

General linear model results for individual‐level analyses of blackpoll warbler candidate gene alleles and migratory traits

Gene	Migratory trait	Allele	n	β Allele Length	SE	p Allele Length	R 2 Allele Length
Clock	Spring arrival	Max	11	−1.250	0.438	0.024	0.538
Adcyap1	Spring departure	Min	12	−5.615	1.577	0.007	0.618
	Spring duration	Min	12	5.123	1.657	0.015*	0.544
	Fall duration	Min	17	1.941	0.588	0.006*	0.456
		Mean	17	1.844	0.797	0.038*	0.292
	Fall arrival	Min	17	2.122	0.945	0.043	0.279
		Mean	17	2.889	1.053	0.017	0.367

Allele indicates whether an individual's minimum, maximum, or mean allele length was used for each analysis. Slope (β), p‐value, and partial R ² values are given for allele length and each migratory trait. Population was also used as a predictor variable, though the slopes and p‐values for this factor are not provided. Only models for which allele length was significant (p ≤ 0.05) are shown. Results for all general linear models provided in Appendix 3.

^*Significant single gene effects that are not further discussed because of a significant genetic interaction effect on this migratory trait (see Table 5).