Table 3.
Evaluation of seasonal and spatial patterns of all three species using linear models based on Gaussian distribution for species abundance estimation by eDNA copies/µl
| Factors of interactions | F | df | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| eDNA copies/µl = Species × Sampling season × Location | |||
| Species | 12.468 | 2 | <0.001 |
| Sampling season | 3.409 | 2 | 0.042 |
| Location | 0.303 | 3 | 0.822 |
| Species × Sampling season | 3.617 | 4 | 0.013 |
| Sampling season × Location | 3.309 | 4 | 0.019 |
| Species × Location | 0.350 | 5 | 0.878 |
| Species × Sampling season × Location | 0.673 | 4 | 0.614 |
| eDNA copies/µl = Species × Sampling season × Artificial/natural | |||
| Species | 12.088 | 2 | <0.001 |
| Artificial/natural | 0.115 | 1 | 0.735 |
| Sampling season | 3.272 | 2 | 0.046 |
| Species × Artificial/natural | 0.103 | 2 | 0.902 |
| Species × Sampling season | 3.403 | 4 | 0.015 |
| Sampling season × Artificial/natural | 3.939 | 2 | 0.025 |
| Species × Artificial/natural × Sampling season | 0.045 | 2 | 0.955 |
The first linear model (Species × Sampling season × Location) includes all three species, together with sampling season, location, and interaction terms between them, and the second model (Species × Artificial/natural × Sampling season) evaluates additional difference between the artificial/natural species‐specific seasonal distribution. All sampling locations, Concha de Artedo, Cudillero, Cabo de Peñas, and Gijón, were included in the analysis.