Table 2.
Hemodynamic and Respiratory Variables at Baseline, after the Tidal Volume Challenge, before Volume Expansion, and after Volume Expansion in Responders (n = 24) and Non-responders (n = 14)
| T1 Base 1 (VT 6 ml/kg) |
T2 Increased VT (VT 8 ml/kg) |
P1 Value | T3 Base 2 (VT 6 ml/kg) |
T4 After VE (VT 6 ml/kg) |
P2 Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (beats/min) | ||||||
| Responders | 74 (68–86) | 74 (68–85) | 0.492 | 75 (69–85) | 73 (66–82) | 0.012 |
| Non-responders | 68 (65–77) | 68 (65–77) | > 0.99 | 68 (63–75) | 68 (64–77) | > 0.99 |
| MAP (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Responders | 82 ± 10 | 79 ± 12 | 0.036 | 80 ± 13 | 85 ± 11 | 0.078 |
| Non-responders | 91 ± 13 | 89 ± 11 | > 0.99 | 87 ± 11 | 87 ± 10 | > 0.99 |
| PIP (cm H2O) | ||||||
| Responders | 26 ± 3 | 31 ± 4 | < 0.001 | 26 ± 3 | 27 ± 3 | < 0.001 |
| Non-responders | 25 ± 3 | 30 ± 4 | 0.006 | 25 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | 0.016 |
| Crs (ml/cmH2O) | ||||||
| Responders | 17 (14.3–19) | 17 (15–19) | 0.018 | 16 (14–19) | 15.5 (14–18) | < 0.001 |
| Non-responders | 16.5 (13.8–18.3) | 17 (14.8–18.3) | 0.066 | 16 (13.8–17.3) | 15 (13–17) | 0.024 |
| SVI (ml/min2) | ||||||
| Responders | 41.5 ± 8.2 | 40.6 ± 8.9 | > 0.99 | 40.2 ± 9.0 | 50.6 ± 10.9 | < 0.001 |
| Non-responders | 50.5 ± 15.2 | 52.2 ± 15.3 | 0.864 | 52 ± 15.7 | 55.2 ± 16.8 | 0.018 |
| PPV (%) | ||||||
| Responders | 7 (5.3–8.8) | 9 (8–13)* | < 0.001 | 7.5 (5.3–9.8)* | 3.5 (3–5) | < 0.001 |
| Non-responders | 5.5 (3.8–6.5) | 6 (3.8–7.3) | 0.132 | 5 (3.8–6) | 3 (1.8–3.8) | 0.006 |
| SVV (%) | ||||||
| Responders | 5 (4–6) | 6.5 (4–9)* | < 0.001 | 6 (4–7)* | 4 (3–5) | 0.042 |
| Non-responders | 5 (2.8–5) | 4 (3–5.3) | > 0.99 | 4 (2.8–5) | 4 (2.8–5) | > 0.99 |
HR Heart rate, RR Respiratory rate, MAP Mean arterial pressure, PIP Peak inspiratory pressure, Crs Respiratory compliance, SVI Stroke volume index, PPV Pulse pressure variation, SVV Stroke volume variation, VT Challenge tidal volume challenge, VE Volume expansion
Data are mean ± SD or median (IQR). Patients were considered responders if the stroke volume index increased by at least 15% after volume expansion (6% hydroxyethyl starch 6 ml/kg for 10 min)
*P < 0.05 comparison between responders and non-responders (n = 14) at each time point; P1-values are for intragroup comparisons of values before (T1) and after the tidal volume challenge (T2); P2-values are for intragroup comparisons of values before (T3) and after volume expansion (T4); P-values were adjusted using the Bonferroni correction