Table 4.
Pooled cohort study of asbestos cement workers in Italy. Cause specific mortality by gender and time since first exposure for selected diseases
| TIME SINCE FIRST EXPOSURE | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALES | 0–9 | 10–19 | 20–29 | 30–39 | 40–49 | 50+ | ||||||
| Causes of death | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) |
| All causes | 137 | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 514 | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 1099 | 1.14** (1.08–1.21) | 1601 | 1.29** (1.22–1.35) | 1463 | 1.31** (1.25–1.38) | 777 | 1.31** (1.22–1.40) |
| Malignant neoplasm | 32 | 0.69* (0.47–0.97) | 173 | 1.02 (0.87–1.18) | 469 | 1.32** (1.20–1.44) | 752 | 1.63** (1.51–1.75) | 660 | 1.70** (1.58–1.84) | 256 | 1.52** (1.34–1.72) |
| MN stomach | 4 | 0.72 (0.20–1.85) | 16 | 0.84 (0.48–1.36) | 25 | 0.72 (0.47–1.06) | 53 | 1.36* (1.02–1.78) | 30 | 1.03 (0.70–1.47) | 8 | 0.66 (0.29–1.30) |
| MN colon | 3 | 1.25 (0.26–3.64) | 7 | 0.77 (0.31–1.58) | 19 | 0.94 (0.57–1.47) | 32 | 1.09 (0.75–1.54) | 34 | 1.21 (0.84–1.70) | 22 | 1.66* (1.04–2.51) |
| MN rectum | – | – | 4 | 0.82 (0.22–2.10) | 3 | 0.29* (0.06–0.85) | 11 | 0.81 (0.41–1.46) | 16 | 1.45 (0.83–2.36) | 6 | 1.22 (0.45–2.65) |
| MN peritoneum | – | – | – | – | 10 | 5.77** (2.77–10.61) | 23 | 10.38** (6.58–15.57) | 46 | 31.62** (23.15–42.18) | 23 | 47.13** (29.87–70.71) |
| MN respiratory organs | 16 | 0.97 (0.55–1.57) | 80 | 1.27* (1.00–1.58) | 237 | 1.80** (1.58–2.04) | 410 | 2.50** (2.26–2.75) | 321 | 2.51** (2.25–2.80) | 120 | 2.45** (2.03–2.93) |
| MN larynx | 1 | 0.57 (0.01–3.16) | 4 | 0.62 (0.17–1.60) | 11 | 0.96 (0.48–1.71) | 9 | 0.77 (0.35–1.47) | 20 | 2.63** (1.61–4.06) | 5 | 1.73 (0.56–4.03) |
| MN lung | 13 | 0.92 (0.49–1.57) | 62 | 1.13 (0.87–1.45) | 185 | 1.59 ** (1.37–1.84) | 289 | 1.97** (1.75–2.21) | 198 | 1.72** (1.49–1.98) | 73 | 1.67** (1.31–2.10) |
| MN pleura | – | – | 13 | 13.12** (6.99–22.44) | 39 | 14.98** (10.65–20.48) | 109 | 27.00** (22.17–32.57) | 103 | 25.41** (20.74–30.82) | 41 | 23.67** (16.98–32.11) |
| Respiratory diseases | 4 | 0.75 (0.20–1.92) | 28 | 1.25 (0.83–1.81) | 98 | 1.82** (1.48–2.22) | 188 | 2.30** (1.98–2.65) | 202 | 2.31** (2.00–2.65) | 159 | 2.79** (2.38–3.26) |
| Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma | 2 | 0.85 (0.10–3.09) | 7 | 0.60 (0.24–1.24) | 36 | 1.26 (0.88–1.74) | 47 | 1.19 (0.87–1.58) | 35 | 1.17 (0.81–1.63) | 23 | 1.52 (0.96–2.28) |
| Asbestosis | – | – | 9 | 241.37** (110.36–458.20) | 41 | 442.77** (317.74–600.67) | 94 | 469.65** (379.53–574.73) | 106 | 491.34** (402.26–594.27) | 98 | 729.36** (592.13–888.86) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 30 | 0.73 (0.49–1.04) | 131 | 0.82* (0.69–0.98) | 282 | 0.83** (0.74–0.93) | 415 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 368 | 0.88* (0.80–0.98) | 218 | 0.89 (0.77–1.01) |
| Digestive diseases | 14 | 0.97 (0.53–1.63) | 35 | 0.76 (0.53–1.06) | 73 | 0.99 (0.78–1.25) | 77 | 1.06 (0.84–1.33) | 52 | 1.01 (0.75–1.32) | 25 | 1.06 (0.69–1.56) |
| Accidents and violence | 35 | 1.19 (0.83–1.66) | 55 | 1.15 (0.87–1.50) | 44 | 0.78 (0.57–1.04) | 38 | 0.77 (0.55–1.06) | 25 | 0.73 (0.47–1.08) | 24 | 1.38 (0.88–2.05) |
| FEMALES | 0–9 | 10–19 | 20–29 | 30–39 | 40–49 | 50+ | ||||||
| Causes of death | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) | n | SMR (95% CI) |
| All causes | 9 | 1.26 (0.58–2.40) | 29 | 1.06 (0.71–1.52) | 83 | 1.09 (0.87–1.36) | 196 | 1.37** (1.18–1.57) | 266 | 1.26** (1.11–1.42) | 452 | 1.48** (1.35–1.62) |
| Malignant neoplasm | 1 | 0.33 (0.01–1.84) | 17 | 1.38 (0.80–2.21) | 46 | 1.42* (1.04–1.89) | 91 | 1.67** (1.34–2.05) | 115 | 1.70** (1.41–2.05) | 144 | 1.97** (1.66–2.32) |
| MN stomach | – | – | 3 | 3.28 (0.68–9.57) | 2 | 0.84 (0.10–3.04) | 7 | 1.82 (0.73–3.76) | 5 | 1.11 (0.36–2.59) | 5 | 1.03 (0.34–2.41) |
| MN colon | – | – | 1 | 1.23 (0.03–6.85) | 1 | 0.43 (0.01–2.42) | 7 | 1.68 (0.68–3.46) | 8 | 1.40 (0.60–2.75) | 9 | 1.30 (0.60–2.48) |
| MN rectum | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1.13 (0.14–4.10) | 4 | 1.89 (0.51–4.83) | 5 | 2.13 (0.69–2.48) |
| MN peritoneum | – | – | – | – | 1 | 3.34 (0.08–18.60) | 1 | 2.05 (0.05–11.40) | 7 | 10.96** (4.41–22.59) | 22 | 46.17** (28.94–69.91) |
| MN respiratory organs | – | – | 4 | 4.09* (1.11–10.47) | 11 | 3.61** (1.80–6.46) | 36 | 6.30** (4.41–8.72) | 39 | 5.04** (3.59–6.89) | 40 | 4.85** (3.46–6.60) |
| MN larynx | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 6.31 (0.16–35.16) | – | – | 1 | 6.25 (0.16–34.80) |
| MN lung | – | – | 2 | 2.38 (0.29–8.59) | 5 | 1.87 (0.61–4.36) | 11 | 2.18* (1.09–3.90) | 10 | 1.46 (0.70–2.69) | 10 | 1.38 (0.66–2.54) |
| MN pleura | – | – | 2 | 36.54** (4.42–131.98) | 6 | 35.46** (13.01–77.17) | 23 | 63.45** (40.22–95.20) | 29 | 52.38** (35.08–75.23) | 29 | 41.48** (27.78–59.58) |
| MN ovary | – | – | – | – | 2 | 1.04 (0.13–3.74) | 4 | 1.27 (0.35–3.25) | 4 | 1.14 (0.31–2.93) | 9 | 2.83* (1.30–5.38) |
| Respiratory diseases | – | – | – | – | 1 | 0.39 (0.01–2.15) | 14 | 2.46** (1.34–4.12) | 19 | 1.88* (1.13–2.94) | 58 | 3.23** (2.46–4.18) |
| Bronchitis, emphysema, asthma | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6 | 2.73* (1.00–5.95) | 2 | 0.65 (0.08–2.33) | 8 | 2.05 (0.88–4.04) |
| Asbestosis | – | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 727.34** (236.09–1697.31) | 11 | 880.35** (439.46–1575.19) | 35 | 1331.02** (927.11–1851.15) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 3 | 2.29 (0.47–6.70) | 4 | 0.60 (0.16–1.55) | 11 | 0.48** (0.24–0.85) | 60 | 1.17 (0.89–1.50) | 80 | 0.95 (0.75–1.18) | 149 | 1.08 (0.91–1.27) |
| Digestive diseases | – | – | 1 | 0.51 (0.01–2.84) | 7 | 1.34 (0.54–2.78) | 10 | 1.17 (0.56–2.16) | 16 | 1.47 (0.84–2.38) | 11 | 0.82 (0.41–1.46) |
| Accidents and violence | 5 | 4.41* (1.43–10.30) | 4 | 1.70 (0.46–4.34) | 5 | 1.23 (0.40–2.86) | 6 | 1.11 (0.41–2.41) | 6 | 0.91 (0.33–1.97) | 9 | 0.99 (0.45–1.88) |
OBS observed, EXP expected, SMR standardized mortality ratio, CI confidence interval. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01