Fig. 5.

Inhibition of CYP4A reduces ER stress and partially recovers insulin signaling in a novel 3D hepatic steatosis model. a ALB and CYP4A expression was determined within cryosections of control spheroids, glucose/palmitate-treated steatosis spheroids, and HET0016-treated steatosis spheroids. The nuclei were counter-stained with DAPI (blue). b Protein expression levels and c Activity of CYP4A were determined in each indicated spheroid; n = 3. d Each indicated spheroid was stained with H2DCFDA (top) and quantified by fluorescence intensity (bottom); n = 3. e Expression levels of ER stress markers and insulin signal components were determined by Western blot analysis in each indicated spheroid. β-Actin was used as an internal control. *p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001